Saint Omer, Bibliothèque muncipale 453, fol. 10r Bishop Gratian teaching Elisabeth F. Vodola, "Legal Precision in the Decretist Period: A Note on the Development of the glosses on De consecratio with Reference to the Meaning of cautio sufficiens," Bulletin of Medieval Canon Law 6 (1976) 55-63

Medieval Meanings of Ius commune 1. Universal Legal Principles 2. Universal Legal Concepts or Rules 3. Jurisprudential norms 4. Customary legal norms Ius commune did not mean: 1. Roman Law 2. Canon Law 3. Canon and Roman Law (ius utrumque) 4. Ius positivum Henry Ansgar Kelly, "Medieval Jus commune versus/uersus Modern Ius commune; or Old 'Juice' and New Use," Proceedings of the Twelfth International Congress of Medieval Canon Law, Washington, D.C. 1-7 August 2004.  Edd.  Uta-Renate Blumenthal, Kenneth Pennington, and Atria A. Larson.  Monumenta iuris canonici, Series C: Subsidia 13.  Città del Vaticano: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 2008) 377-406