Alanus Anglicus	Decretales Gregorii Noni	Goffredus de Trano	Innocent IV	Tancred
Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus		Gratian	Johannes Teutonicus
Bernardus Papiensis		Hostiensis	Larentius Hispanus	Vincentius Hispanus

Abbas antiquus (see Bernardus de Montemirato)

Abbreuiatio Compilationis primi 'Iuste iudicate, recte iudicate'

MANUSCRIPTS: Vatican City, Vat. Reg. lat. 395, fol. 95-99v (fragmentary at the end).

LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 435.
 

Abbreuiatio Compilationis Romane 'Incipit de summa trinitate et fide catholica'

MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, Bibl. de l'Arsenal 769, fol. 74v-84v.

LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 435-436.

Abbreuiatio Compilationis secunde 'Preterea Clemens III nil certi respondet papa'

MANUSCRIPTS: Bruges, Bibl. de la Ville 366, fol. 19ra-27va; Paris, Bibl. de l'Arsenal 769, fol. 66-73v.

LITERATURE: M. Bertram, 'Some Additions to the "Repertorium der Kanonistik",' BMCL 4 (1974) 11. Kuttner, Repertorium 435.
 

Abbreuiatio Decreti 'Exceptiones ecclesiasticarum (seu euangelicarum) regularum'

EDITION: None.

MANUSCRIPTS: Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 542; Göttweig, Stiftsbibl. 181 (88), fol. 25-95; Linz, Öffentl. Studienbibl. 75, fol. 1-80 (fragmentary); Munich, Clm 6406, fol. 17ra-36rb; Clm 18467, fol. 3ra-68vb (omits prologue); Saint Florian, Stiftsbibl. XI.730; Vatican City, Vat. Pal. lat. 288, fol. 165v-218v; Vienna, ÖNB 2179, fol. 1-32 (omits prologue, ends in C.27 q.2); 2221, fol. 62v-118r.

LITERATURE: M. Bertram, 'Some Additions to the "Repertorium der Kanonistik",' BMCL 4 (1974) 12. Kuttner, Repertorium 260-61. R. Weigand, 'Die Dekretabbreuiatio "Exceptiones ecclesiasticarum regularum" und ihre glossen', Miscellanea Prosdocimi (Milan 1992).
 

Abbreuiatio Decreti 'Gratiani opus egregium'

EDITION: None.

MANUSCRIPTS: Gdansk (Danzig), Bibl. Mar. F. 275.

LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 261. A. Vetulani, SG 8 (1965) 275-353.
 

Abbreuiatio Decreti 'Humanum genus'

MANUSCRIPTS: Avranches, Bibl. Munic. 149, fol. 136-38v (fragment); Vienna, ÖNB 2163, fol. 1-24r.

LITERATURE: Kuttner, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 323 n.17.

Abbreuiatio Decreti 'Ius naturale quod est in lege' I

MANUSCRIPTS: Pommersfelden, Bibl. Graf Schonborn 2902, fol. 1-39.

LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 261. R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I (Munich 1963) 265 n.

Abbreuiatio Decreti 'Ius naturale quod est in lege' II (see Tabula utriusque iuris), lists legal terms, often repetitive, drawn from both laws especially regarding marriage law. The work was a primitive forerunner of the later vocabularies, designed to aid students. It was composed before 1215, probably in France .

EDITION: None

MANUSCRIPTS: Zurich, Stadtbibl. C.80, fol. 55r-62v.

LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 261. A. Stickler, 'Iter Helveticum', Traditio 14 (1958) 477-78.

Abbreuiatio Decreti 'Lex alia divina est alia humana', based on the abbreviation of Omnebene and perhaps of English origin.

EDITION: None.

MANUSCRIPTS: London, Brit. Libr. Harley 3842, fol. 35-56.

LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 261-62; idem and Eleanor Rathbone, 'Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 294 n.13.

Abbreuiatio Decreti 'Matrimonium est'

MANUSCRIPTS: London, Lambeth Palace 139, fol. 101-123 (begins at C.27 q.1 pr.), 124-143v (C.1-C.4 q.1).

LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 262.

Abbreuiatio Decreti 'Omne ius aut divinum' (see Abbreviatio Decreti 'Quoniam egestas')

Abbreviatio Decreti 'Omnes leges aut divine'

MANUSCRIPTS: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 35.

LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 262-63. R. Weigand, 'Die Dekretabbreuiatio "Exceptiones ecclesiasticarum regularum" und ihre glossen', Miscellanea Prosdocimi (Milan 1992).  A. Beyer, Lokale  Abbreviationen des Decretum Gratiani. Analyse un Vergleich der Dekretabbreviationen ‘Omnes leges aut divine’ (Bamberg), ‘Humanum genus duobus regitur’ (Pommersfelden) und ‘De his qui intra claustra monasterii consistunt’ (Lichtenthal, Baden-Baden) (Frankfurt am Main 1998).

Abbreuiatio Decreti 'Omnia quecumque uultis'

MANUSCRIPTS: Vienna, ÖNB 2183, fol. 1-86.

LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 263

Abbreuiatio Decreti 'Quod divine leges natura'

MANUSCRIPTS: Göttweig, Stiftsbibl. 88, fol. 1-23v

LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 263.

Abbreviatio Decreti 'Quoniam egestas' (also 'Omne ius aut diuinum'), written around 1150 in Southern France. In several manuscripts the work is accompanied by glosses which utilize the civilian Exceptiones Petri, likewise of Provencal origin.

MANUSCRIPTS: Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 1012 (without prologue; part I only); Oxford, New College 220 (without prologue); Paris, B.N. lat. 15001, fol. 127-238v (without prologue); Prague, Metropolitankapitel I.LXXIV, fol. 10-107v; Saint Gall, Stiftsbibl. 711; Vorau, Stiftsbibl. 184; Worcester, Cathed. Q.43 (ends at C.26 q.6 c.12).

LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 263-64; idem, 'The "Extravagantes" of the Decretum in Biberbach', BMCL 3 (1973) 67. R. Weigand, 'Die Dekretalabbreuiatio "Quoniam egestas" und ihre Glossen', Fides et ius ... Georg May (Regensburg 1991) 249-65.

Abbreuiatio Decreti Treuirensis

EDITION: None.

MANUSCRIPT: Trier, Bisch. Sem.91, fol. 1r-91v (on part II only).

LITERATURE: A. Stickler, 'Iter Germanicum', Traditio 12 (1956) 604.

Abbreuiatio Decreti 'Verbum abbreviatum'

MANUSCRIPTS: Basel, Universitätsbibl. C.V.14, fol. 74ra-80vb, and C.V.35, fol. 40va-47ra; Berlin, Staatsbibl. lat. q.192; Linz, Öffentl. Studienbibl.257, fol. 2r-157r; Paris, Bibl. de l'Arsenal 955; Schlägl, Stiftsbibl. 220.

LITERATURE: M. Bertram, 'Some Additions to the "Repertorium der Kanonistik",' BMCL 4 (1974) 12, 15. Kuttner, Repertorium 264. A. Stickler, 'Iter Helveticum', Traditio 14 (1958) 473-75.

Abbreuiationes Decreti (in other manuscripts.)

MANUSCRIPTS: Basel, Universitätsbibl. A.IX.22, fol. 104-159v (part I), 159v-181v (part III); Basel Universitätsbibl. C.V.14, fol. 81ra-214vb; Bernkastel-Kues, Sankt-Nikolaus-Hospital, Cusanus-Stiftsbibl. 229, fol. 1-66v (fragmentary, begins at D.4 c.6); Monza, Cathedral Chapter T.XIII; Paris, B.N. lat. 3922 B; Turin, Bibl. naz. 533 [D.V.19]; Vatican City, Vat. Ottob. 3062, fol. 5- (fragmentary, begins at D.10 c.9); Vienna, ÖNB 1758, fol. 97v-131; Vienna, ÖNB 2185 fol. 1-193.

LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 264-65. A. Stickler, 'Iter Helveticum', Traditio 14 (1958) 473-75.

Abbreviationes Decreti (beginning with 'Humanum genus duobus regitur' in other manuscripts.)

MANUSCRIPTS: Firenze, Laurenziana XX.45 (ends at De pen. D.1 c.23); Paris, B.N. lat. 4709, fol. 56-82; Paris, Sainte Geneviève 2284, fol. 1-7; Vatican City, Vat. lat. 2707, fol. 1ra-95vb; Vorau, Stiftsbibl. 376, fol. 6-61v; Zürich, Stadtbibl. C.97, fol. 64v-76v; Zwettl, Stiftsbibl. 285, fol. 116v-147v

LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 264-65

Actor at reus (see Summa 'Actor et reus')

Ad iuste iudicandum (commentary on Compilatio I), a miscellaneous commentary on Compilatio I, based on the apparatus of Ricardus Anglicus.

MANUSCRIPTS: Klosterneuberg, Canons Regular 1045, fol. 1-7v, 9r-32v.

LITERATURE: Kuttner, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 313 n.22; idem, 'Retractationes VII', Gratian and the Schools of Law 1140-1234 (London 1983) 17.

Adam of Adelsbach, a Cistercian monk who around 1250 composed a didactic poem based on the penitential Summa de casibus of Raymond of Peñafort. It was intended to facilitate the access to Raymond's work for the poorer students, as is indicated by the title Summa pauperum.

TEXT: Summa pauperum, Early Printed Edition: Paris 1524.

LITERATURE: M. Bloomfield, 'A Preliminary List of Incipits of Latin Works on the Virtues and Vices, mainly of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries', Traditio 11 (1955) n.524. P. Michaud-Quantin, Sommes de casuistique et manuels de confession au moyen âge 9XII - XVI siècles (Louvain - Lille - Montreal 1962) 41. F. Valls Taberner, 'La Summula pauperum de Adam de Aldensbach', Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Kulturgeschichte Spaniens 7 (1938) 69-83.

Additiones Biberach, twelfth-century decretals added to a Decretum manuscript at Biberach.

EDITION: None

MANUSCRIPTS: Biberach, Spitalarchiv B 3515.

LITERATURE: Kuttner, 'The "Extravagantes" of the Decretum in Biberach', BMCL 3 (1973) 61-71.

Addo of Huizinga, studied law at Oxford c.1200 with his brother Emo, who wrote that they copied 'decreta, decretales, Librum pauperum, et alios libros iuris et legalis'.

LITERATURE: P. Gerbenzon, 'Bertram of Metz: The author of "Elegantius in iure diuino" (Summa Coloniensis)', Traditio 21 (1965) 511.

Aegidius (see Egidius)

Alanus ab Insulis (Alain de Lille), professor of theology at Paris. Besides other literary and poetic works such as the Anticlaudianus, he wrote a penitential handbook, Liber poenitentialis (ca. 1200).

TEXT: Liber penitentialis

EDITION: PL 210.281 ff.

LITERATURE: M. Bloomfield, 'A Preliminary List of Incipits of Latin Works on the Virtues and Vices, mainly of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries', Traditio 11 (1955) n.61. P. Michaud-Quantin, 'Le "Liber penitentialis" d'Alain de Lille. Le temoignage des manuscrits belges et francais', Citeaux 10 (1959) 93-106; idem, Sommes de casuistique et manuels de confession au moyen âge XII - XVI siècles (Louvain - Lille - Montreal 1962) 15-19

Alanus Anglicus, English canonist teaching and writing at Bologna around 1190-1215. He composed an influential apparatus on the Decretum, Ius naturale, and then revised it to offer a far more enthusiastic defense of papal power. It remains doubtful, however, if his authorship also extended to the commentary on De consecratione as it is transmitted in three MSS of Ius naturale. Because the same comment also circulated separately and is once ascribed to a 'R. de parvi passu' (MS Seo de Urgel, Bibl. Capit. 8 (2882): cf. Rodoricus Modicipassus). The first recension of Ius naturaleexerted great influence on the Anglo-Norman Summa Duacensis. Besides an apparatus on Compilatio I, Alanus further produced a decretal collection (and glosses) which, with that of Gilbertus, became the prime source for Johannes Galensis's Compilatio secunda.

TEXTS: 1. Decretum-Apparatus, Ius naturale, MANUSCRIPTS: First recension (1192): Klosterneuburg, Stiftsbibl. MS 101 (set i; rather incomplete); Paris, B.N. lat. 3909 (without text of Decretum; without C.16-27); Seo de Urgel, Bibl. Capitular. 113; Second recension (1205): Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 13, fol. 272va (prologue only); Cambrai, Bibl. Municip. 645; Escorial, c.I.5, fol. 482r (prologue only); Gniezno, Bibl. Cap. Metrop. 27; Paris, B.N. lat. 15393 (set II; with Casus of Benencasa); Paris, Bibl. Mazarine, 1318 (incomplete: ends C.27 q.1 c.2); Stuttgart, Landesbibl. HB VI.95, fol. 267r-v (prologue only); Vatican City, Vat. Ross. lat. 595 (set ii; select glosses only); Vendôme, Bibl. Munic. 88 (set. iii. incomplete). (A number of glosses are printed in Stickler, 'Verteidiger').

2. Collectio Alani (includes decretals from Innocent III as well as pre-Innocentian Decretals), MANUSCRIPTS: First recension: Fulda, Landesbibl. D.7, fol. 155v-160v (contains the section to be added after MS D.14); Fulda, D.14, fol. 32-54v, 123v-126r, 55-123v; Fulda, D.5, fol. 140-98v, 199-213r (an abridgement); Second recension (1206): Vercelli, Cathed. Chapter MS LXXXIX, fol. 51-136r (with glosses); Salzburg, Erzabtei St. Peter MS A.IX.18, fol. 169-243r; Linz, Studienbibl. 257, fol. 1r-v (fragment 2.11.1-5; with glosses).

3. Apparatus on Compilatio I (after 1207), MANUSCRIPTS: Erlangen, Universitätsbibl. 349 (set I); Fulda, Landesbibl. D.5, fol. 1-83r (set I; incomplete); Halle, Universitäts-und Landesbibl. Ye.52 (set II); Karlsruhe, Landesbibl. Aug. XL, fol. 1-82v; Munich, Clm 3879, fol. 1-97v (set II); Paris, B.N. lat. 3932, fol. 1-69v (set I).

4. Glosses on Compilatio II?, MANUSCRIPTS: see F. Gillmann, AKKR 115 (1925) 131-32.

LITERATURE: R. Fraher, 'Alanus Anglicus and the Summa "Induent sancti",' BMCL 6 (1976) 47-54. G. Fransen, 'Un commentaire au "De consecratione",' Traditio 13 (1957) 508-09. F. Gillmann, AKKR 115 (1925) 131-32. R. von Heckel, 'Die Dekretalensammlung des Gilbertus und Alanus nach den Weingartener Handschriften', ZRG Kan. Abt. 29 (1940) 116-357. Kuttner, Repertorium 67-75, 316-17, 325-26; idem, 'The Collection of Alanus: A concordance of its two recensions', Rivista di storia del diritto italiano 26 (1953) 37-53; idem, 'Notes on manuscripts', Traditio 17 (1961) 534-36; idem, 'Emendationes et notae variae', Traditio 22 (1966) 476; idem, 'Universal pope or servant of God's servants', RDC 32 (1981) 140; idem, 'Retractationes VII', Gratian and the Schools (London 1983) 13. P. Landau, 'Alanus Anglicus', LMA 1 (1980) 267-68. F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici(Milan 1971) 202-220. Schulte, QL I 188-89. A. M. Stickler, 'Alanus Anglicus als Verteidiger des monarchischen Papsttums', Salesianum 21 (1959) 346-406. R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 16; Munich 1963) 305-13; idem, 'Neue Mitteilungen aus Handschriften', Traditio 21 (1965) 482; idem, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 225-230 and passim.

Albertus, a canonist of the early thirteenth century. Albertus was the author of a gloss-apparatus to Compilatio secunda (before 1215). He may be the Albertus cited by Magister Honorius in his commentary on the Decretum (in Laon, Bibl. Munic. MS 371(bis), fol. 86rb).

TEXTS: Apparatus to Compilatio secunda, MANUSCRIPTS: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 19, fol. 79-116 (first set; single glosses only); Erlangen, Universitätsbibl. 349, fol. 73-113; Karlsruhe, Landesbibl. Aug. XL, fol. 83-120 (incomplete); Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 983, fol. 61-91; Melk, Stiftsbibl. 518, fol. 1v-34v (first stratum); Paris, B.N. lat. 3932, fol. 70-102v; lat. 15398, fol. 74-105v; Troyes, Bibl. Municip. 385 (fragment; ends at 2 Comp. 2.6).

LITERATURE: F. Gillmann, 'Magister Albertus, Glossator der Compilatio II', AKKR 105 (1925) 122-91. Kuttner, Repertorium 345-52; idem, 'Notes on manuscripts', Traditio 17 (1961) 539. F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 332-34. R. Weigand,, 'Gandulphusglossen zum Dekret Gratians', BMCL 7 (1977) 13-48 at 40.

Albertus de Morra Beneventanus (see Gregory VIII)

Albertus Gandinus, born at Cremona, studied civil law at Padua and Bologna under Johannes de Anguissola and Guido de Suzzaria. Later on, he practised as a judge in various Italian communes. The same practical interests are reflected in his writing on criminal procedure, which also relates to canonical matters. He died around 1310.

TEXTS:1. De maleficiis, EDITION: H. Kantorowicz (1907)

2. Quaestiones statutorum, EDITION: A. Solmi, Biblioteca iuridica Medii Aevi 3, ed. A. Gaudenzi (Bologna 1901).

LITERATURE: H. Kantorowicz, Albertus Gandinus und das Strafrecht der Scholastik I-II (Berlin - Leipzig 1907-26). Schulte, QL II 167-68.

Aldricus, a Bolognese teacher of Roman, and perhaps of canon law, as his common epithet 'magister' would suggest. Of his canonistic activities we know only indirectly, however, through the references of other canonists (Egidius, Huguccio) of the 1180's.

LITERATURE: Kuttner and E. Rathbone, 'Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 301 n.32. J. Fried, Über die Entstehung des Juristenstandes (Cologne - Vienna 1974) 187-88.

Alexander III (Rolandus Bandinelli), pope (1159-81). Although John Noonan and Rudolf Weigand have recently disproved the old identification of Alexander with the canonist Rolandus, the contribution of this pope to the history of canon law remains important. Alexander was the first pope who fully grasped the signficance of his role as the supreme legislator of the Church. He issued decretals in unprecedented numbers, deciding many legal disputes that Gratian's Decretum had raised but left unresolved. Contemporary decretists soon appreciated these legislative efforts, whence Alexander figured prominently in the collections of extravagantes proliferating since the 1170's. This was later reflected in the authoritative Liber extra of Gregory IX (1234), which gave Alexander's decretals an importance equalled only by those of Innocent III (1198-1216).

LITERATURE: Boso's Life of Alexander III, ed. and trans. G.M. Ellis (1973). C. Donahue, 'The dating of Alexander the Third's marriage decretals', ZRG Kan. Abt. 68 (1982) 70-124. L. Falkenstein, 'Leistungsersuchen Alexanders III. aus dem ersten Jahrzehnt seines Pontifikats', ZKG 102 (1991) 45-75. F. Liotta (ed.), Miscellanea Rolando Bandinelli papa Alessandro III (Siena 1986). J. T. Noonan, 'Who was Rolandus?', Law Church and Society: Essays in Honor of Kuttner, ed. K. Pennington, R. Somerville (Philadelphia 1977) 21-48. M. Pacaut, Alexandre III: Étude sur la conception du pouvoir pontifical dans sa pensée et dans son oeuvre (L'Eglise et L'Etat au Moyen Age 11; Paris 1956); idem, 'Louis VII et Alessandro III', RHEF 39 (1953) 5-45. R. Somerville, Pope Alexander III and the Council of Tours (Berkeley 1977). R. Weigand, 'Magister Rolandus und Papst Alexander III.', AKKR 149 (1980) 3-44.

Alexander Stavensby, an English theologian who had studied at Toulouse and later became bishop of Lichfield and Coventry (1224-37). In this capacity, he wrote two brief treatises on sin and confession respectively, which he promulgated as part of the diocesan statutes.

TEXTS: Opuscula synodalia, MANUSCRIPTS: Cambridge, St. John's C.62 II (on confession and sin); Oxford, Bodl. Lib. Douce 88 (on confession).

LITERATURE: M. Bloomfield, 'A Preliminary List of Incipits of Latin Works on the Virtues and Vices, mainly of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries', Traditio 11 (1955) n. 189, n.277; P. Michaud-Quantin, Sommes de casuistique et manuels de confession au moyen âge 9 XII - XVI siècles (Louvain - Lille - Montreal 1962) 30-31.

Altmann of St. Florian, provost of the canon regulars of St. Florian from 1212 until his death in 1221/23, published three canonistic works, composed in part in hexameters (d.1221/23). Among them is the Medulla, perhaps the oldest known canonistic monograph. It survives in an earlier version which Altmann later expanded by including verses. Four different recensions of the text circulated. Altmann also composed a procedural ordo (1204/5) which shows resemblances to that of Eilbert of Bremen whom he probably knew personally. His principal work, however, was the Ysagoge, a versified introduction into canon law.

TEXTS:1. Ysagoge iuris, MANUSCRIPTS: Munich, Clm 16097, fol. 1-89, and lat. 16098, fol. 1-85; St. Florian, Stiftsbibl. XI 720; Vatican, Bibl. Ap. lat. 2692, fol. 1v-65r; Vienna, ÖNB lat. 2228, fol. 1v-81v; Vienna, ÖNB Ser. nov. 3611, fol. 1r-64v.

2. Medulla, MANUSCRIPTS: A. first recension: Munich, Clm 19488, fol. 1-16. B. second recension: Vienna, ÖNB lat. 2221, fol. 45r-55v. C. third recension: Admont, Stiftsbibl. 48, fol. 23rb-24vc. D. fourth recension: Kremsmünster, Stiftsbibl. 1, fol. 429r-40r.

3. Ordo iudiciarius, MANUSCRIPT: Kremsmünster, Stiftsbibl. 1, fol. 416r-428v..

LITERATURE: F. Altmann, 'Über einen Ordo iudiciarius vom Jahre 1204', ZRG Rom. Abt. 19 (1889) 44-71. W. Stelzer, 'Altmann von St. Florian', MIÖG 84 (1976) 60-104; idem, 'Österreichische Kanonisten des 13. Jahrhunderts', ÖAKR 30 (1979) 59-65; idem, 'Altmann von St. Florian', LMA 1 (1980) 479; idem, Gelehrtes Recht in Österreich. Von den Anfängen bis zum frühen 14. Jh. (MIÖG - Erg.Bd. 26; Vienna 1982) 70-120.

Ambrosius, wrote a Summa (ca. 1213-15) on the titles of the decretals which was based on that of Bernardus Papiensis, but included decretals from Compilatio secunda and Compilatio tertia. Ambrosius further utilized the commentaries of Vincentius in the two Compilationes.

TEXTS: 1. Summa titulorum decretalium, EDITION: by A. Martin-Avedillo, ZRG Kan. Abt. 54 (1968) 57-94; MANUSCRIPTS: Fulda, D.10, fol. 10-45v; Rome, Casanatense. 1910 (A.1.18), fol. 39-72v; Venice, Marciana lat. class. iv.25, fol. 23-71v.

LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 392-93; idem, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 332 n.44. F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 352-58. A. Martin-Avedillo, 'La "Summa super titulis decretalium" del canonista Ambrosius', ZRG Kan. Abt. 54 (1968) 57-94; idem, 'Influjo del canonista Ambrosius en San Raimundo de Peñafort', REDC 26 (1970) 329-55. R. Weigand,, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 16; Munich 1963) 357-61; R. Weigand,, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus(Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 407-08; idem, Die bedingte Eheschliessung (Munich 1963) 357 n.108.

Andreas Veclus, appears among the teachers of canon law at Bologna in 1238.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 174.

Animal est substantia (see Summa Bambergensis)

Appendix abbreviationis 'Quoniam egestas', a primitive, twelfth-century decretal collection, which includes some of the canons from the Council of Tours (1163).

MANUSCRIPT: Paris, B.N. lat. 15001, fol. 236v-238v.

LITERATURE: Kuttner, 'The "Extravagantes" of the Decretum in Biberach', BMCL 3 (1973) 67, 71.

Appendix Concilii Lateranensis, a decretal collection which derives from a source common with the 'Wigorniensis Group.' This large work exerted great influence on many later collections including members of the 'Bambergensis-Group,'(Appendix Oenipontana and Fragment L) The first recension contains 570 items, only 15 of which are pre-Gratian.

DATE/PLACE: 1st recension: 1184-85, Lincoln

EDITION: P. Crabbe, Concilia omnia tam generalia quam particularia... (2nd ed. Cologne 1551) 2.820-944 (printed from an unknown MS, also in J.D. Mansi, Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio 22 (Venice 1767) 248-453 = Cr. Aemilius Richter, De inedita canonum collectione Lipsiensi (Leipzig 1836).

MANUSCRIPTS: Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 1242, fol. 73v-110v = Lp; Vienna, ÖNB 2172, fol. 2r-52v = V; Lincoln, Cathed. Chapter Library 121, fol. 1r-61r.

LITERATURE: C. Duggan, 'English Canonists and the "Appendix Concilii Lateranensis",' Traditio18 (1962). W. Holtzmann, 'Die Register Papst Alexander III. in den Händen der Kanonisten', QF 30 (1940) 16. Kuttner, Repertorium 290-91; idem, 'Notes on a projected corpus of twelfth-century decretals', Traditio 6 (1948) 349; idem, and E. Rathbone, 'Anglo-Norman Canonists of the Twelfth Century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 283f. P. Landau, 'Die Entstehung der systematischen Dekretalensammlungen und die europäische Kanonistik des 12.Jahrhunderts', ZRG Kan. Abt. 66 (1979) 128-32; idem, 'Studien zur Appendix und den Glossen in frühen systematischen Dekretalensammlungen', BMCL 9 (1979) 1-21.

Appendix Darmstadt, a collection of decretals appended to Gratian's Decretum. Many of its items reappear in other appendices to the Decretum such as those in MSS Pommersfelden 142 (I-II) and Munich Clm 28175 (I).

MANUSCRIPTS: Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 907, fol. 255r-256v

LITERATURE: W. Holtzmann, Studies in the collections of twelfth-century decretals, edd. and trans. C. Cheney and M. Cheney (MIC B-3; Vatican City 1979) xxiv. Kuttner, Repertorium 16, 274. R. Weigand, 'Die Dekretanhänge in den Handschriften Heiligenkreuz 44, Pommersfelden 142 und München 28175', BMCL 13 (1983) 8-17.

Appendix Graz, a small Decretal collection appended to Gratian's Decretum.

MANUSCRIPTS: Graz, Universitätsbibl. III.69, fol. 283v-284v

LITERATURE: W. Holtzmann, Studies in the collections of twelfth-century decretals, edd. and trans. C. Cheney and M. Cheney (MIC B-3; Vatican City 1979) xxviii.

Appendix Harvard, a small Decretal collection appended to Gratian's Decretum.

MANUSCRIPTS: Cambridge Ma., Harvard Law 64, last two folios

LITERATURE: W. Holtzmann, Studies in the collections of twelfth-century decretals, edd. and trans. C. Cheney and M. Cheney (MIC B-3; Vatican City 1979) xxviii.

Appendix Heiligenkreuz forms a collection extravagantes with 44 items, of which only three were extracted from papal decretals dating after Gratian. The compilation shares a significant amount of material with those of Bernardus Papiensis.

EDITION: Analysis by R. Weigand, BMCL 13 (1983) 3-8.

MANUSCRIPTS: Heiligenkreuz, Stiftsbibl. MS 44, fol. 298ra-300vb.

LITERATURE: R. Weigand,, 'Die Dekretanhänge in den Handschriften Heiligenkreuz 44, Pommersfelden 142 und München 28175', BMCL 13 (1983) 1-25, at 1-8.

Appendix Munich I contains a collection of extravagantes including papal decretals down to Alexander III. It appears to be related to Appendix Heiligenkreuz.

EDITION: Analysis by R. Weigand, BMCL 13 (1986) 18-19.

MANUSCRIPT: Munich, Clm 28175, fol. 2r-2v.

LITERATURE: R. Weigand, 'Die Dekretanhänge in den Handschriften Heiligenkreuz 44, Pommersfelden 142 und München 28175', BMCL 13 (1983) 1-25, at 1-8.

Appendix Oenipontana (formerly Collectio Oenipontana), a small Decretal collection appended to Gratians Decretum. Shows influence of the Appendix Concilii Lateranensis.

EDITION: Summary analysis by F. Maassen, SB Vienna 24 (1857) 64-66.

MANUSCRIPTS: Innsbruck, Universitätsbibl. 90, fol. 273-277

LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 286. R. Weigand,, 'Burchardauszüge in Dekrethandschriften und ihre Verwendung bei Rufin und als Paleae im Dekret Gratians', AKKR 158 (1989) 429-51.

Appendix Pommersfelden I gives a list of extravagantes closely related to Appendix Heiligenkreuz.

EDITION: Analysis by R. Weigand, BMCL 13 (1983) 8-11.

MANUSCRIPTS: Pommersfelden, Bibl. Graf Schönborn 142, fol. 238vb-240ra.

LITERATURE: R. Weigand, 'Die Dekretanhänge in den Handschriften Heiligenkreuz 44, Pommersfelden 142 und München 28175', BMCL 13 (1983) 1-25, at 8-11.

Appendix Pommersfelden II, contains nine groups of extravagantes, each of which refers to a specific part of Gratian's Decretum. The texts consist mainly of patristic material.

EDITION: Analysis by R. Weigand, BMCL 13 (1983) 12-16.

MANUSCRIPTS: Pommersfelden, Bibl. Graf Schönborn 142, fol. 240rb-243rb.

LITERATURE: R. Weigand, 'Die Dekretanhänge in den Handschriften Heiligenkreuz 44, Pommersfelden 142 und München 28175', BMCL 13 (1983) 1-25, at 11-17; idem, 'Zusätzliche Paleae im Dekrethandschriften', ZRG Kan. Abt. 118 (1992).

'Ardua temptantes sub metrica iura medulliam...' (see under Marriage Tract:)

Arnulfus Teutonicus is a decretist once cited by Alanus Anglicus.

LITERATURE: F. Gillmann, AKKR 108 (1928) 602 n.3.

Azo de Lambertaciis (de Lambertazzi). The first news about Azo date back to 1258, when he was a consiliarius with dispensation. Since 1259, he appears as a doctor decretorum, then as a Bolognese professor and lawyer. A. was also a canon at Bologna. As a member of the Ghibelline party, he had to leave Bologna between 1274 and 1278, and was again penalized sometime later. He died probably in 1289.

LITERATURE: A. Iglesia Ferreirós, '?Azo de Bologna ou Azo de "Lambertazzi?",' AHDE 55 (1985) 749. Kuttner, Repertorium 53. R. Naz, 'Azzon de Lambertaciis', DDC 1 (1935) 1589-90. Schulte, QL II 143-44. Helene Wieruszowski, 'Deux documents concernant Azo de Lambertazzi', Traditio 15 (1959) 497-98; idem, Estudis universitaris catalans 18 (1933) 175-81.

b.-glosses on the Decretum were produced in the 1160's and 1170's. R. Weigand, has shown that the manuscripts use this siglum consistently, although it may refer in some of them to Bazianus, in others to Bernardus of Pavia. Weigand further believes that the author of the b.-glosses in MS Pommersfelden 142 was a third Bolognese canonist, not to be identified with either Bernard or Bazianus.

MANUSCRIPTS: Pommersfelden, Bibl. des Grafen Schönborn 142 (2744).

LITERATURE: R. Weigand, 'Bazianus und B.-Glossen zum Dekret Gratian', SG 20 (1976) 453-96; idem, 'Die Glossen', SG 26, III.12.

Balbus (see Bernardus Papiensis)

Balduinus Brandenburgensis, a Franciscan, composed an important commentary on the Gregorian decretals, ca. 1266-70. He had studied theology at Paris, but probably also spent a considerable amount of time as a student of the canon law.

TEXTS: Summa titulorum sive scheda, MANUSCRIPT: Gdansk, MS 1873 (xviii.A.f.51) (books 1-3), MS 1874 (xviii.B.f.101) (books 4-5).

LITERATURE: H. Denifle, 'Zur Quellenkunde der Franziskaner-Geschichte: Balduin von Braunschweig', Archiv für Literatur- und Kirchengeschichte des Mittelalters 1 (1885) 630-40. B. Kurtscheid, 'De studio iuris canonici in ordine fratrum minorum saeculi XIII', Antonianum 2 (1927) 174-81. Schulte, QL II 498-503. A. Teetaert, 'Baudouin de Brandebourg ou de Brunswick', DDC 2 (1937) 263-66.

Baldwin (of Ford), a 'magister scholarum' in the mid-twelfth century. B. served as Archdeacon of Totnes in the diocese of Exeter from 1161-1170. He then retired to the Cistercian Abbey of Ford and became Abbot there by 1175. As Abbot, he served as a Papal judge-delegate on several occasions. B. became Bishop of Worcester in 1180, Archbishop of Canterbury in 1184, and died at Acre in 1190. As a canonist, Baldwin was a collector of Papal decretals (to Exeter, Worcester and Canterbury) and his influence may be seen behind the so-called 'Wigorniensis Group' of Decretal collections. (Collectiones Trinitatis, Wigorniensis, Claustroneoburgensis, Cheltenhamensis, Cottoniana, and Petrihusensis).

LITERATURE: Kuttner and E. Rathbone, 'Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 282-85; Kuttner, 'Retractationes VIII', Gratian and the Schools (London 1983) 24; C. Duggan, Twelfth Century Decretal Collections and their Importance in English History(University of London Historical Studies XII; London 1963) 111-115. J. Noonan, 'Was Gratian Approved at Ferrentino?', BMCL 6 (1976) 15-27 at 20-25. K. Schnith, 'Balduin of Canterbury', LMA 1 (1980) 1371-72.

Bandinus (Familiatus), Bolognese decretist and civilian (?).  A Bandinus is also cited by the anonymous author of the Fragmentum Cantabrigiense (before 1159).   Tancred mentions Bandinus in his Commentary on 1 Comp. 1.35.7 (X 3.22.3), Admont, Stftsbibl. 22, fol. 39r.  Bandinus Familiatus swore an oath to the city of Bologna on 31 December, 1198.  From Tancred's gloss one might assume that he also wrote on Roman law. 

Bandinus de Gaetano (Gattanus), iurisperitus, is mentioned in a document from Pistoia dated 1215 and witnessed the oath sworn by Bandinus Familiatus in 1198.

LITERATURE: R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht (Münchener Theologische Studien 3. Kan. Abt. 16; Munich 1963) 1.122-23.   Manlio Bellomo, Saggio sull'università nell'età del diritto comune (Roma 1992) 43 n. 80.  Ennio Cortese, Il diritto nella storia medievale, 2: Il basso medioevo (Roma 1995) 155 n. 23.  K. Pennington, 'Lotharius of Cremona', BMCL 20 (1990) 45 and 50.

Bartholomeus Brixiensis (fl. 1234-58), a student of Tancred and the civilian Hugolinus and later professor of canon law at Bologna. He devoted most of his time to re-editing the canonistic works of his older colleagues which had been rendered obsolete by the appearance of the Decretales Gregorii IX in 1234. Besides revising Brocarda, the Historiae of Damasus, the ordo iudiciarius of Tancred, and the Casus of Benencasa Senensis, he also updated Johannes Teutonicus's Gloss to the Decretum (after 1234), adding his own comments. This text became the Glossa Ordinaria. Bartholomeus's Quaestiones have likewise been shown to be updates of an older collection.

TEXTS:1. Quaestiones dominicales et veneriales, MANUSCRIPTS: A. first recension (ca. 1227-34): Berlin, Staatsbibl. lat., fol. 249, fol. 72r-86v; Paris, B.N. lat. 15424, fol. 147r-169vb. B. second recension (c.1234-41): Avignon, 281; Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can 48, fol. 200-220; Basel, UB C.I.13 (2nd work); Berlin, Staatsbibl., fol. 305 (Rose 845) (incomplete); Darmstadt 317 (3rd work); Fulda, D.13; Leipzig, UB 972; 1024 (incomplete); 1063 (incomplete); Leipzig, Stadtbibl. 249; Magdeburg, Domgymnasium 155; Munich, Clm 4111; 5357; Perpignan 25 (incomplete); Prague, Kapitel J.XX; Reims 693; Rouen 740; Saint-Omer 253 (incomplete); Troyes, 1844; Vienna, Hofbibl. 2071; 2159; Wolfenbüttel 271; Würzburg, mp. s. f.7. Early Printed Edition: Rouen 1511.

2. Revised Glossa ordinaria Johannis Teutonici in Decretum, This version of the Ordinary Gloss appears regularly in the early printed editions of Gratian's Decretum.

3. Brocarda, Early Printed Edition: Lyons 1519; Tractatus xvii (Lyons 1549), fol. 25 ff.; Tractatus universi iuris xviii (Venice 1584), fol. 506 ff.

4. Casus decretorum (revision of the Casus of Benecasa Senensis), Early Printed Edition: Basel 1489 (Hain 2472); Lyons 1497.

5. Historie super libro decretorum, Early Printed Edition: Paris 1505 (with the Decretum Gratiani).

6. Ordo iudiciarius, MANUSCRIPTS: Erlangen, Universitätsbibl. 515, fol. 7-30.

LITERATURE: R. Abbondanza, DBI 6 (1963) 691b-696a. M. Bertram, 'Kanonistische Quaestionensammlungen von Bartholomaeus Brixiensis bis Johannes Andreae', Proceedings Cambridge (MIC C-8; Vatican City 1988) 265-81. G. Fransen, 'Utrumque ius dans les Quaestiones Andegavenses', Études d'histoire du droit dédiées à Gabriel Le Bras (Paris 1965) 899. Kuttner, Repertorium 103-22, 453-54. G. Le Bras, 'Bartholomaeus Brixiensis', DDC 2 (1937) 216-17. Schulte, QL II 83-88. H. Zapp, 'Bartholomeus Brixiensis', LMA 1 (1980) 1493.

Bartholomaeus de Labro, nothing is known about this canonist other than that he taught canon law at Bologna around 1284 and that a questio of his survives from the same year.

TEXTS: Questio

MANUSCRIPT: Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 853.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 175.

Bartholomew of Exeter (d.1184), an English canonist and author of a penitential Summa which became one of the sources of Robert of Flamsborough's work. He also produced numerous theological writings.

TEXTS: Liber penitentialis, EDITION: A. Morey, Bartholomew of Exeter, bishop and canonist(Cambridge 1937) 160-300 (based solely on MS London). MANUSCRIPTS: London, Brit. Libr. Cotton Vitell. A.XII;

LITERATURE: Kuttner and E. Rathbone, 'Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 295, 318; H. Oesterle, 'Balduin von Exeter', LMA 1 (1980) 1494.
 

Bazianus (Basianus), one of the most active Bolognese decretists of the 1180's. His glosses, carrying various sigla ('magister basianus', 'b', 'ba', 'baz', 'bar', etc.) appear in most gloss-compositions of the period, such as the apparatus Ordinaturus Magister. He does not seem to have composed a coherent work of his own, but there are several contemporary Summae which closely follow his teachings. His influence on the Summa Casinensis, for example, was very strong. Little is known about his life, but if we believe the information given on a tombstone in the cathedral of Bologna, Bazianus was a native of Bologna and died there in 1197. Most scholars since Diplovatatius have distinguished the decretist Bazianus from Johannes Bassianus (Cremonensis), the famous Roman lawyer. To the contrary, Annalisa Belloni and Domenico Maffei have recently presented evidence which may favor their identification as one person.   It should be noted that the sigla 'Io. Cre. ', or 'Io. b.' were uniform when referring to the civilian.   André Gouron, however, has argued that the two jurists should be distinguished from each other.

TEXTS:1. Glosse (A large number of single glosses on Gratian's Decretum).

EDITIONS: Several glosses have been printed by: M. Bertram, ZRG Kan. Abt. 66 (1970) 12-15; J. V. Schulte, 'Die Glosse zum Dekret Gratians', Denkschriften der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil. - hist. Classe 21 (Vienna 1872) 56-64; R. Weigand, 'Bazianus and B.-Glossen zum Dekret Gratians', SG 19 (1976) 453-496.

2. Quaestiones (see Quaestiones Casinenses II)

3. Reportatio on the Decretum (?)

MANUSCRIPTS: See the Summa Casinensis, which seems to be based on such a reportatio.

LITERATURE: A. Belloni, 'Baziano, cioé Giovanni Bassiano, legista e canonista del secolo XII', TRG 57 (1989) 69-85. A. Gouron, 'A la convergence des deux droits:  Jean Bassien, Bazianus et maître Jean', TRG 59 (1991) 319-32.  Kuttner, Repertorium 250; idem, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 293 n.9. F. Liotta, 'Baziano', Dizionario biografico degli italiani (Rome 1965) 313-15; idem, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 179-87. D. Maffei, 'Fra Bologna, Montpellier et Palencia: Studi su Ugolino de Sesso', Rivista internazionale di diritto commune 1 (1990) 13 n.16. M. Sarti and M. Fattorini, De claris archigymnasii Bononiensis professoribus a saeculo XI usque ad saeculum XIV I (Bologna 1769) 367-69. Schulte, QL I 154-56. A. Stickler, 'Sacerdotium et Regnum nei decretisti e primi decretalisti', Salesianum 15 (1953) 607-10. R. Weigand, 'Bazianus und B.-Glossen zum Dekret Gratians', SG 19 (1976) 453-496.  Idem. 'Frühe Kanonisten und ihre Karriere in der Kirche', ZRG Kan. Abt. 76 (1990) 145, 155 n. 97. A. Zeliauskas, De excommunicatione vitiata apud glossatores (Zurich 1967) 235-36, 86.

Benencasa Aretinus (also Benincasa Senensis), was born in Arezzo, taught in Bologna and died in Siena in 1206. Benencasa composed the Casus on the Decretum (after 1191) which were used by Bartholomeus Brixiensis in his recension of Johannes Teutonicus's Ordinary Gloss.

TEXTS:1. Casus decretorum, EDITION: As revised by Bartholomaeus Brixiensis in the Decretumof Gratian, ed. Paris 1505; MANUSCRIPTS: Angers, Stadtbibl. 394, fol. 1-59; Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 91, fol. 5-72v; Basel, Universitätsbibl. C.I.13, fol. -227rb; Hereford, Cathed. Libr. O.VI.14, fol. 62ff; Heverlee (Louvain), Abbaye de Parc, flyleaves; Kaliningrad (Königsberg), Universitätsbibl. 35, fol. 1-73v (incomplete; now lost?); Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 984, fol. 1-58v [ breaks off at C.26 q.7 c.13]; Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 988, fol. 1-239 (ends at De cons. D.2 c.36); Lindau, Stadtarchiv P.I.49, fol. 1-7 (D.51 c.5-C.1 q.1 c.115); London, Brit. Libr. Royal 9.E.VII, fol. 161-190 (includes C.2 - C.35 q.6 c.8); Madrid, Bib. Nac. 251 (last gloss-layer); 2221; Olomouc, Statny Arch. C.O.48; Oxford, Bodleian Laud. Misc. 646, fol. 129-184; Paris, B.N. lat. 3922, fol. 13-54v; lat. 15393 (inserted into the apparatus Ius naturale of Alanus Anglicus); lat. 14320, fol. 2-76; Paris, Bibl. Mazarine 1041, fol. 121-161; Plock, Diocesean Libr. 80, fol. 1-101v (destroyed in WW II); Prague, Nat. Mus. XVII A 12 (fourth set; selection of texts only); Rome, Casanatense 1910, fol. 111-169v; Vienna, ÖNB 2142, fol. 49-118v; Worcester Cathed. F.159, fol. 103-152v; Zwettl, Stiftsbibl. 297, fol. 1-85v.

LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 229-230, 431-33; idem, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 284 n.26; idem and E. Rathbone, 'Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 284, 289 n.56; Kuttner, 'An interim checklist of manuscripts II', Traditio 12 (1956) 566; idem, 'Universal pope or servant of God's servants', RDC 32 (1981) 140; idem, 'Retractationes VII', Gratian and the Schools (London 1983) 10, 13. F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 188-95. R. Naz, 'Benencasa ou Benincasa Senensis', DDC 2 (1937) 747. Schulte, QL I 170-71. H. Van de Wouw, 'Benencasa', LMA 1 (1980) 1907. R. Weigand,, 'Die Rechtslehre der Scholastik bei den Dekretisten und Dekretalisten', La norma en el derecho canonico(Pamplona 1989/90) 109-90?.

Berengarius Senensis, appears as a Bolognese canonist between 1242 and 1247.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 174.

Bernard (pseudo-) of Bologna (XII century), is the name given to the author of a tract on the writing of privileges which is found at the end of Bernard of Bologna's Ars dictandi, second recension. This Bernard, however, was not the true author.

TEXTS: De doctrina priuilegiorum

EDITION: R. Spence, BMCL 12 (1982) 56-63.

LITERATURE: R. Spence, 'A twelfth-century treatise on the writing of privileges', BMCL 12 (1982) 51-63.

Bernard of Pavia (see Bernardus Papiensis)

Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus, canonist teaching and writing at Bologna from the end of the twelfth century well into the second decade of the thirteenth. Bernardus was unique among canonists in holding that the Emperor in Constantinople was the 'verus imperator'. Bernardus wrote glosses on the Decretum (c.1206-10) which have been preserved in the last layer of glosses in Gniezno MS 28. Bernardus wrote glosses on Compilatio prima, and may also have written on Compilatio secundathough such glosses have not been found. In two manuscripts from Vienna and the monastery of Zwettl may be found a reportatio of quaestiones from Bernardus which he put together while teaching at the short-lived school of Vicenza (1204-9). His most important work was a collection of Innocent III's decretals, the Compilatio Romana. Other sources attest that Bernardus wrote glosses on Compilatio secunda and a tract on marriage, though these works have never been identified. A manuscript in Douai contains an epilogue to Compilatio tertia bearing Bernardus's sigla. Bernardus' last work was a group of additiones to Johannes Teutonicus's gloss on the Decretum written in 1216-17. Bernardus' identification with the homonymous archdeacon of Santiago, attested between 1183 and 1232, is not certain.

TEXTS:1. Glosses on the Decretum (1201-05), MANUSCRIPTS: Gniezno MS 28.

2. Glosses on Compilatio prima (1205-06, Bologna) MANUSCRIPTS: Modena Bibl. Estense a R.4.16 (lat. 968), fol. 1-76 (third stratum); Erlangen, Universitätsbibl. 349; Freiburg, Universitätsbibl. 361a.

3. Glosses on Compilatio secunda (lost)

4. Compilatio Romana This collection was made up of Decretals from the first ten years of the reign of Pope Innocent III. Bernardus relied on the compilations of Alanus and Gilbertus for the texts of decretals, but there is evidence that he also consulted the Papal registers. Bernardus seems to have been a cavalier editor, cutting out much material from the texts of Decretals. For this reason, perhaps, Petrus Beneventanus was inspired to create another compilation of Innocent's decretals, the Compilatio tertia, which quickly superseded Bernardus's work.DATE/PLACE: 1208, Bologna EDITION: H. Singer, 'Die Dekretalensammlung des Bernardus Compostellanus antiquus', SB Wien 171, ii. (1914) 1-119.

MANUSCRIPTS: London, Brit. Libr. Harley 3834, fol. 202-356v; London, Brit. Libr. Royal 9 B. XI; Modena, Bibl. Estense XII L. 8; Paris, B.N. lat. 18223.

5. Quaestiones disputate (1204-09) EDITION: G. Fransen, Traditio 21 (1965) 492-501, has offered a summary analysis. MANUSCRIPTS: Vienna, ÖNB 2163 86va-90v; Zwettl 162 173-178v.

6. Summa de materia electionum (lost)

7. Epilogue to Compilatio tertia; MANUSCRIPT: Douai, Bibl. Munic. 598, fol. 120r.

8. Additiones ad Glossam ordinariam Johannis Teutonici (1216-17) MANUSCRIPT: Vatican, Bibl. Ap. lat. 1367 (second layer).

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, 'Deux collections de Questions', Traditio 21 (1964) 492-501. A. García y García, 'La Canonística Ibérica (1150-1250) en la investigación reciente', BMCL 11 (1981) 55. Kuttner, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 277-340; idem, 'Retractationes VII', Gratian and the Schools of law 1140-1234 (London 1983) 7-23. F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 230-39. P. Ourliac, 'Bernard de Compostelle l 'ancien', DDC 2 (1937) 775. K. Pennington, 'The French Recension of Compilatio tertia', BMCL 5 (1975) 53-71; idem, 'The Making of a Decretal Collection: The Genesis of Compilatio tertia', Proceedings Salamanca (MIC C-4; Vatican City 1980). Schulte, QL I 85, 190. M.L. Taranta, 'Bernardo da Vompostella', DBI 9 (1967) 267-69. R. Weigand, 'Neue Mitteilungen aus Handschriften', Traditio 21 (1965) 482-84; idem, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 16; Munich 1963) 290-94. idem, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 280-81 and passim; Kenneth Pennington, ADecretal Collections 1190-1234,@ The History of Canon Law in the Classical Period, 1140‑1234: From Gratian to the Decretals of Pope Gregory IX, edited by Wilfried Hartmann and Kenneth Pennington (History of Medieval Canon Law; Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2008) 293-317

Bernardus Compostellanus junior, a canonist and papal capellanus active in the years 1245-1267.

TEXTS: 1. Commentary on book 1 of the Decretales Gregorii  EDITIONS: Bernardus Compostellanus,  Lectura aurea in primum librum Decretalium,cum Apostillis Anthonii de Crevant, Parisii : Galliot, 1516(Information provided by Andreas Thier ); Venice 1588.

MANUSCRIPTS: Angers, Bibl. Munic. 368, fol. 43-92, and 377; Arras, Bibl. Munic. 39 and 407; Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 00 [P.II.3]; Basel, Universitätsbibl. C.i.18; Chartres, Bibl. Munic. 237, 316, 323, and 329; Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 853; Prague, Mus. M.17; St. Omer, Bibl. Munic. 160; Tarazona, Cat. 87; Toledo, Cab. 16-19, fol. 1-45rb, and 16-20; Troyes, Bibl. Munic. 949; Valencia, Cat. 310, fol. 186ra-275va; Venice, Marc. 33; Würzburg, Universitätsbibl. Mp.s.5 and 6.

2. Summarium sive Margarita ad apparatum in Decretales Innocentii IV  EDITION: Paris 1516. MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, B.N. lat. 18223; Syracuse, University Library, 1, fol. 2r-12v; Vienna, ÖNB lat. 2138.

3. Apparatus in Decretales Innocentii IV (in two recensions, the first ca. 1246-53, the second after 1258) MANUSCRIPTS: Barcelona, Cat. 93; Olomouc, Kap. 268, fol. 1-14.

LITERATURE: G. Barraclough, EHR 49 (1934) 487-94; idem, 'Bernard de Compostelle le jeune', DDC 2 (1937) 777-79. A. Bernal Palacios, 'Repertorios del Comentario de Inocencio IV a las Decretales de Gregorio IX', Escritos del vedat 17 (1987) 143-72; idem, 'El Repertorio existente en la Biblioteca Universitaria de Barcellona del comentario de Inocencio IV', Escritos del vedat 18 (1988) 125-200. A. García y García, 'Notas sobre la canonística ibérica de los siglos XIII-XV', SG 9 (1966) 162-63; idem, 'La Canonística ibérica medieval posterior al Decreto de Graciano', Repertorio de Historia de las Cienicas eclesiasticas en España 1 (1967) 409. Kuttner, ZRG Kan. Abt. 26 (1937) 455ff; idem, SDHI 6 (1940) 73 n.7. Schulte, QL II 118-20.

Bernardus de Montemirato (Abbas antiquus), born c. 1225 at Montmirat, near Nîmes. He studied and taught canon law at Bologna, as is attested by his Lectura on the Gregorian decretals, written c.1259-66. The latter date can be determined through the records of the Benedictine abbey of Aniane (near Montpellier), where he first appeared in 1266. Later in the same year, Pope Clement IV made him abbot of Montmajour. In 1386, he was appointed to the bishopric of Tripoli in Syria, but did not arrive there as long as it was still in the crusader's hands (until 1289). After several years in papal diplomatic service, he was finally assigned the administration of the monastery of Montecassino (1295), where he died in 1296.

TEXTS: 1. Lectura decretalium Gregorii IX EDITIONS: Strasbourg 1510; In libros decretalium aurei commentarii I (Venice 1588), fol. 1r-152r.

2. Lectura decretalium Innocentii IV MANUSCRIPTS: (following Schulte, QL II 132 n.8) Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 58; Cassel, Landesbibl. Jur. in, fol. 5; Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 853; Prague, Mus. I.B.3-4; Prague, Metrop. Chap. I.XIV.

3. Distinctiones MANUSCRIPTS: (following Schulte, QL II 132 n.12): Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 58; Cassel, Landesbibl. Jur. in, fol. 5; Frankfurt, Stadtbibl. 43; Prague, Mus. I.B.3-4.

LITERATURE: Kuttner, 'Wer war der Dekretalist Abbas antiquus?', ZRG Kan. Abt. 26 (1937) 471-89; Schulte, QL II 130-32; anon., 'Bernardo da Montmirat', DBI 9 (1967) 274-275.

Bernardus Papiensis prepositus cuius breviarium, the incipit of two related Summae on Compilatio I from the Parisian school of Petrus Brito (ca. 1201-10) See also entry on Petrus Brito.

EDITION: Several excerpts have been compared and printed by R. Weigand, Traditio 22 (1970) 450-454.

MANUSCRIPT: Paris, B.N. lat. 15398, fol. 289v-292v (misbound and fragmentary); St. Omer, Bibl. Munic. 107, fol. 3-114v.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, 'Trois notes', Traditio 26 (1970) 444; Kuttner, Repertorium 391. R. Weigand, 'Glossenapparat zur Compilatio prima aus der Schule des Petrus Brito', Traditio 26 (1970) 449-457.

Bernardus Papiensis (Balbus), born in Pavia. Bernardus studied at Bologna under Bazianus, Gandulphus, and (perhaps) Huguccio. He taught at Bologna during the 1170's and then spent time at Rome working in the curia. In 1187, Bernardus became Provost of Pavia. In 1191, he succeeded Johannes Faventinus as Bishop of Faenza. In 1198, he was postulated to the bishopric of Pavia. He died there on 18 September 1213.

Bernardus was the most important twelfth-century canonist after Huguccio. He wrote glosses on the Decretum which formed the core of the apparatus Ordinaturus magister, which passed for the Ordinary Gloss to the Decretum until the time of Johannes Teutonicus. But Bernardus's lasting achievement was as a decretalist. Bernardus first compiled a modest decretal collection, the Collection in ninety-five titles (or Parisiensis II), between 1177-1179. But far more important was Bernardus's creation, around 1190, of the large, systematic decretal collection, Breuiarium extrauagantium, which became the model for all subsequent collections. He also wrote glosses, Casus and a Summa on the Breuiarium organized by title which helped to establish the genre of the Summa super titulis. The chronology of Bernardus's writings poses significant problems; it seems likely that he wrote and then revised most of his works at least once and perhaps several times.

TEXTS:1. Glosses on Decretum (See Ordinaturus Magister)

2. Collection in ninety-five titles (see Collectio Parisiensis II)

3. Breuiarium extrauagantium (See Compilatio prima).

4. Glosses on Compilatio I MANUSCRIPTS: Erlangen, Universitätsbibl. 349 (together with the apparatus of Alanus); Fulda, Landesbibl. D.5 (with Alanus); Munich, Clm 6352 (together with the apparatus of Ricardus Anglicus); Munich, Clm 8302 (with Ricardus Anglicus); Munich, Clm 3879 (with Alanus); Karlsruhe, Landesbibl. Aug. XL (with Alanus). For other MSS including Bernard's glosses see Kuttner, Repertorium 323; and idem, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 312 n.19.

5. Summa titulorum decretalium (ca. 1191-98) EDITION: E. Theodor Laspeyres, ed. Bernardus Papiensis Faventini episcopi Summa decretalium (Regensburg 1860; repr. Graz 1956) 1-283 [used manuscripts Halle, Leipzig, Munich, Clm 16083, 22304, and 4592, Paris, and Vienna].MANUSCRIPTS: Avignon, Bibl. de la Ville 661, fol. 85-119v; Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 45, fol. 8-22; Berlin, Staatsbibl. lat., fol. 350; Bern, Stadt. A. 94 [19 folios; ends at 1 Comp. 2.20]; Cambrai, Stadtbibl. 253, fol. 82-113v (ends at 1 Comp. 4.19); Cues, Hospital 226, fol. 38-48v (ends at 1 Comp. 5.15); Fulda, Landesbibl. D.5, fol. 1-83 (with decretal text); Halle, Universitätsbibl. Ye. 80, fol. 1-78 (with decretal text); Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 982; London, Brit. Libr. Royal 9. E. XIV, fol. 191-197v (ends at 1 Comp. 4.1); Monte Cassino, Bibl. dell 'abbazia 46, p. 1-278 (excerpts only; with decretal text); Munich, Clm 3507, fol. 51ff; Munich, Clm 4592, fol. 76-117; Munich, Clm 16083, fol. 5-36; Munich, Clm 22304, fol. 84-130; Paris, B.N. lat. 3934A, fol. 1-20; Rome, Bibl. Vallicelliana C.44, fol. 4-40v; Troyes, Bibl. Munic. 385 (with decretal text); Vatican City, Vat. lat. 2691, fol. 21-44v; Vat. lat. 11502, fol. 1-103; Vercelli, Arch. Cap. 176 [Ar. 191], fol. 17-49; Vienna, ÖNB 1326, fol. 111-132; Berkeley, School of Law, Robbins Coll. 7

6. Casus decretalium (after 1198) EDITION: in part by E. Theodor Laspeyres (1860) 327-52 [used MS Frankfurt am Main, Stadtbibl. 43]. MANUSCRIPTS: Alba Iulia, Bibl. Batthyanyana 292, fol. 1r-40v; Berlin, Staatsbibl. lat. fol. 350; Chalons-sur-Saône, Bibl. de la Ville 16; Frankfurt am Main, Stadtbibl. 43; Fulda, Landesbibl. D. 5, fol. 1-83 (excerpts only; with decretal text); Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 984, fol. 67-89v; Oxford, Bodleian Library lat. misc. 60 (14 leaves containing parts of books 3 and 4); Vatican City, Vat. lat. 2691, fol. 59-82; Zwettl, Stiftsbibl. 279, fol. 86r-106r.

7. Summa de electione (ca. 1177-79) EDITION: E. T. Laspeyres (1860) 307-23.

MANUSCRIPTS: Amiens, Bibl. Munic. 377, fol. 148va-151ra; Ivrea 67, fol. 46ra-47vb (incomplete); Paris, B.N. lat. 1566, fol. 69vb-78vb.

8. Summa de matrimonio (ca. 1173-79) EDITION: E. T. Laspeyres (1860) 287-306 (based on MS Paris, B.N. lat. 1566); F. Kunstmann, AKKR 6 (1861) 223-62 (based on MS Paris and Munich, Clm 8302). MANUSCRIPTS: Amiens, Bibl. Munic. 377, fol. 151ra-54vb; Munich, Clm 8302; Monte Cassino, Bibl. dell 'abbazia 396, p. 1-20; Paris, B.N. lat. 1566, fol. 56ra-69vb; lat. 3454, fol. 49-52; Torino, Bibl. Nat. D.V.2, fol. 99-109; Würzburg, Universitätsbibl. Mp. th., fol. 122, fol. 26v-31r; Zwettl, Stiftsbibl. 162, fol. 66-70r.

9. Argumenta or Notabilia MANUSCRIPTS: Melk, Stiftsbibl. 190 (333), fol. 252v-254v.

LITERATURE: M. Bertram, 'Some additions to the "Repertorium der Kanonistik",' BMCL 4 (1974) 9-10; F. Cantelar, 'Bernardus Papiensis: "Doctor meus Hugo": Huguccio of Pisa or Hugo de San Victor?', ZRG Kan. Abt. 55 (1969) 448-57. J. Hanenburg, 'Decretals and Decretal Collections in the Second Half of the twelfth century', TRG 34 (1966) 522-99. F. Kunstmann, 'Das Eherecht des Bischofs Bernhard von Pavia', AKKR 6 (1861) 223-62. Kuttner, Repertorium 322-323, 387-90, 398-99, 462; idem and E. Rathbone, 'Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 295-300, 312-315; Kuttner, 'Retractationes VII', Gratian and the schools of law(London 1983) 15-17. E. T. Laspeyres, ed. Bernardus Papiensis Faventini episcopi Summa decretalium (Regensburg 1860; repr. Graz 1956). G. Le Bras, 'Bernard de Pavie', DDC 2 (1937) 782-89. F. Liotta, 'Bernardo di Pavia', DBI 9 (1967) 279-84; idem, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 305-9. H. Müller, Der Anteil der Laien an der Bischofswahl (Amsterdam 1977) 78-84; Schulte, QL I 78-82, 175-82. R. Weigand,, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I(Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 16; Munich 1963) 241-60; idem, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 416, 422; idem, 'Bazianus- und B.-Glossen zum Dekret Gratians', SG 20 (1976) 477-90; idem, 'Die Glossen', SG 26 III.11.

Bernardus Parmensis (Bottono, de Botone), born in the late twelfth or early thirteenth century, Bernardus studied canon law at Bologna under Tancred; eventually he became a canon and taught canon law there. By 1247, Bernard was also a papal chaplain. His major work was his gloss on the decretals of Gregory IX, which became the Glossa Ordinaria. Bernardus revised and rewrote this work repeatedly from 1241 until his death in 1266, resulting in at least four recensions.

TEXTS:1. Gloss to the Decretales Gregorii IX (Glossa ordinaria) Bernardus integrated many glosses by Alanus, Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus, Laurentius, Tancredus, and Vincentius on the Compilationes antique into a large apparatus which quickly became accepted as the Glossa ordinaria. MANUSCRIPTS: A. first version (1234-41): Oxford, Bodl. Th.b.4;B. second version (1243-45): C. third version (1245-53): D. fourth version (1263):

2. Casus longi (ad Decretales) EDITIONS: (Hain 2929-2939); Venice 1477.

3. Notabilia

4. Summa super titulis decretalium MANUSCRIPTS: Chartres, Bibl. Munic. 245; Frankfurt, Stadtbibl. 155; Troyes, Bibl. Munic. 559; Vienna, ÖNB lat. 2190.

LITERATURE: R. Abbondanza, 'Bernardus da Parma', DBI 9 (1967) 276-9; Kuttner and B. Smalley, 'The Glossa Ordinaria to the Gregorian decretals', EHR 60 (1945) 97-105. Kuttner, 'Notes on the Glossa ordinaria of Bernard of Parma', BMCL 11 (1981) 86-93. P. Ourliac, 'Bernard de Parme ou de Botone', DDC 2 (1937) 781-2. Schulte, QL II 114-17. H. Zapp, 'Bernardus de Bottone', LMA 1 (1980) 1976.

Bertoldus, a Bolognese canonist, left a questio from 1283. Johannes Andreae later cites him in his Novelle ad Sextum (VI 1.6.25, 1.15.2, and 3.6.1).

TEXT: 1. Questio MANUSCRIPT: Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 853.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 175.

Bertrandus, a canonist of the early thirteenth century who wrote glosses on the Decretum. He is often cited in Guido de Baysio's Rosarium. His glosses appear in Berlin, Staatsbibl. lat., fol. 2 (second layer).

LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 100-101; idem, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 333 n.51.

Boatinus of Mantua, studied canon law, probably at Bologna. He then taught at Padua for forty-four years. He became a canon of the Cathedral sometime after 1275. From ca. 1283 to 1295, he was archpriest of the chapter. He died in Padua in 1300.

TEXTS:1. Commentary on the Decretales Gregorii MANUSCRIPTS: Prague, Mus. I.B.4, fol. 1-70; Vienna, ÖNB lat. 2219, fol. 111ra-67rb.

2. Commentary on the Constitutions of Lyons II (1277) MANUSCRIPTS: Prague, Mus. I.B.4; Vienna, ÖNB lat. 2219.

LITERATURE: Anon. 'Bovetini, Bovetino de', DBI 13 (1971) 543-46. M. Bertram, 'Zur Wissenschaftlichen Bearbeitung der Konstitutionen Gregors X', QF 53 (1973) 459-67 at 463. Schulte, QL II 157-60; A. Teetaert, 'Bovetino de Bovettini', DDC 2 (1937) 976-80.

Bonaguida Aretinus, advocate at the Roman curia during the pontificate of Innocent IV (1241-54). His writing on the advocacy deal with the practical, procedural concerns of his profession. It was an important source of the ordines of Egidius de Fuscarariis and Guilelmus Durantis. Bonaguida's Consuetudines offer a unique source for the administrative routines of the papal curia and the chancery in the thirteenth century.

TEXTS: 1. Summa super officio advocationis, EDITION: A. Wunderlich, Anecdota quae processum civilem spectant (Göttingen 1841) 132-345.

2. Tractatus de dispensationibus (based on Johannes de Deo), EDITION: Tractatus universi iuris xiv (Venice 1584), fol. 173-75.

3. Consuetudines Curie Romane, EDITION: L. Wahrmund, 'Die consuetudines curiae Romanae', AKKR 79 (1899) 3-19.

4. Gemma sive Margarita Decretalium, EDITION: Tractatus plurimorum doctorum (Lyons 1519), fol. 31-69.

LITERATURE: G. Barraclough, 'Bonaguida de Aretinis', DDC 2 (1937) 934-40; S. Caprioli, 'Bonaguida d'Arezzo', DBI 11 (1969) 512-13; Schulte, QL II 110-13. H. Van de Wouw, 'Bonaguida Aretinus', LMA 2 (1981) 401.

Breuiarium extrauagantium (see Compilatio Prima)

Brocarda Florianensia, the title given to two collections of brocarda in two MSS from St. Florian. The first (I) is doctrinally dependent on the Generalia of Ricardus Anglicus, while the second (II) is more primitive an older.

MANUSCRIPT: Saint Florian, Stiftsbibl. XI.346, fol. 156rb-180v, 155r-156ra (I); Saint Florian, Stiftsbibl. XI.720, fol. 73-81 (II).

LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 422; idem, 'Reflexions sur les Brocards des Glossateurs', Mélanges Joseph de Ghellinck, S.J. II (Gembloux 1951) 779 n.50.

Brocarda 'Quod nullus privetur iure suo' (see Brocarda Florianensia I)

Brocarda de presumptionibus (see Summa de presumptionibus)

Brocarda MS Vatican, lat. 10754, offer a series of canonistic arguments taken from parts (D.1 c.10 - D.96 c.11) of the Summa of Simon of Bisignano, but with a different treatment.

MANUSCRIPT: Vatican, Bibl. Ap. lat. 10754, fol. 83-85r.

LITERATURE: M. Bertram, 'Some additions to the "Repertorium der Kanonistik",' BMCL 4 (1974) 16; Kuttner, 'Réflexions sur les Brocards des Glossateurs', Mélanges Joseph de Ghellinck, S.J.II (Gembloux 1951) 778.

Buonaguida of Arezzo (see Bonaguida Aretinus)

Burchard of Strasbourg (fl. ca. 1295), a Dominican at the local convent, is known as the author of a penitential Summa iuris, which offered an update and adaptation of the homonymous work of Raymond of Penyafort.

TEXTS: Summa casuum, MANUSCRIPTS: Assisi, Bibl. Comm. 636, fol. 1-76; Bruges, Bibl. Commun. 305; Donaueschingen, Stadtbibl. 223; Erlangen, Universitätsbibl. 367, fol. 1-93; Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 1016; Munich, Clm 7810, lat. 7828; Nîmes, Bibl. Munic. 47; Oxford, Bodl. Laud. Misc. 483, fol. 1-96; Oxford, Bodl. Can. misc. 83, fol. 1-98; Padova, Bibl. Anton. XVIII.394 and XXII.540; Paris, B.N. lat. 3253; Prague, Universitätsbibl. IV.E.9; Vienna, ÖNB lat. 1709.

LITERATURE: J. Dietterle, 'Die "Summae confessorum (sive de casibus conscientiae)" von ihren Anfängen an bis Silvester Prierias', ZKG 25 (1904) 268-72; T. Kaeppeli, Scriptores ordinis praedicatorum medii aevi 1 (Rome 1970) 256-57; P. Michaud-Quantin, Sommes casuistique et manuels de confession au moyen âge (Louvain - Lille - Montreal 1962) 42; Schulte, QL II 423-24; A. Teetaert, 'Burchard de Strasbourg', DDC 2 (1937) 1136-1141.

LITERATURE: R. Weigand, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 48-49, 51, 82-83, 448, 450; idem, 'Glossenstudien', SG 26 (1992) III.20

d.-glosses, appear in a strata of Bolognese glosses composed during the 1180's. They are probably unrelated to David of London, whose canonistic activities date to a time prior to the 1170's. As an alternative, Weigand suggests identity with Magister Daifer.

MANUSCRIPTS: see R. Weigand (1991) III.19.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 19, 51; idem, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 281 n.15. R. Weigand, 'Glossenstudien', III.19.

Daifer, Magister, wrote at least one gloss on the Decretum. Rudolf Weigand suggests that Daifer may have been the author of d.-gloss.

TEXTS: signed gloss, Arras, MS 271, fol. 187ra.

LITERATURE: R. Weigand, 'Glossenstudien', SG 25/26 (1991).

Damasus, born in Hungary rather than Bohemia, studied at Bologna and was 'Magister Decreti' at the beginning of the thirteenth century. Damasus taught there until c.1217, the date of his glosses on the arbor consanguinitatis, his last known work. He may also have taught in Hungary. D. wrote an apparatus of glosses on the first three Compilationes, the Constitutions of the Fourth Lateran Council and the Arbor consanguinitatis. Danasus also wrote Brocarda on the Decretum, Quaestiones, and two Summae on decretals. With Alanus Anglicus and Laurentius Hispanus, Damasus influenced the study of canon law in the early thirteenth century by the heavy introduction of Roman law learning.

TEXTS:1. Apparatus ad Compilationem primam, MANUSCRIPTS: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 19, fol. 1-77v (second layer); Basel, Universitätsbibl. C.I.13, fol. 246ra-265vb [breaks at 1 Comp. 5.14]; Geneva, Bibl. public et univer. lat. 167 <many glosses signed with d.>; Paris B.N. lat. 3930, fol. 1-64v. According to García y García, the Paris manuscript contains a first recension, the Bamberg manuscript a second.

2. Apparatus ad Compilationem secundam, MANUSCRIPTS: Paris B.N. lat. 3930, fol. 65-98; Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 19, fol. 79-116. According to García y García, the Paris manuscript contains a first recension, the Bamberg manuscript a second.

3. Apparatus ad compilationem tertiam (comments in 1 and 2 such as, 'ut ibi notaui', indicate that Damasus wrote such a work, but it has never been found).

4. Apparatus ad constitutiones quarti concilii Lateranensis EDITION: A. García y García, Constitutiones Concilii quarti Lateranensis una cum Commentariis glossatorum (MIC A-2; Vatican City 1981) 387-460.

5. Brocarda, MANUSCRIPTS: Basel, Universitätsbibl. C.I.13; Berlin, Stadtbibl. lat., fol. 249, fol. 32va-39rc; Bologna, Coll. di Spagna 217; Bruges, Bibl. de la Ville 366, fol. 55r-77r; Fulda, Landesbibl. D.10, fol. 72r-78r; Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 928, fol. 93-108; Karlsruhe, Landesbibl. Fragm. 174; London, BM Addit.24979, fol. 16-; Nuremberg, Stadtbibl. Cent. V. 95, fol. 59-81; Oxford, Bodleian Library Laud. Misc. 646, fol. 100-106v; Paris, B.N. lat. 3969, fol. 1-8; Paris, B.N. lat. 14320, fol. 213-221; Prague, Nationalmuseum XVII A. 16, fol. 146-149; Rome, Casinensis 1910, fol. 34v-38; Vatican City, Vat. Borgh. 261, fol. 45-52; Vienna, ÖNB 2080, fol. 127-134.

6. Quaestiones, MANUSCRIPTS: Angers, Stadtbibl. 394, fol. 84f [incomplete]; Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 42, fol. 9-28; Can. 45, fol. 75-89; Basel, Universitätsbibl. C.I.13, fol. 266ra-282rb; Berlin, Stadtbibl. lat., fol. 249, fol. 39ra-54rb; Fulda, Landesbibl. D.10, fol. 56-58v; Klosterneuberg, Stifstbibl. 656; Königsberg, Universitätsbibl. 17, fol. 1-12; Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 928, fol. 55-92; Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 975, fol. 197-208; London, Lambeth Palace 139, fol. 160-61 [fragmentary]; Oxford, Bodleian Library Laud. Misc. 646, fol. 82-99; Padua, Bibl. Antoniana 68; Paris, B.N. lat. 14320, fol. 172v-192; Vatican City, Vat. Borgh. 261, fol. 19-44v; Vat. Pal. lat. 656, fol. 203-226; Venice, S. Marco VIII 22, fol. 72-89; Vienna, ÖNB 2080, fol. 107-118; Worcester, Cathed. F.159, fol. 46-61.

7. Summa decretalium, MANUSCRIPTS: Angers, Stadtbibl. 394, fol. 100ff; Avranches, Stadtbibl. 156, fol. 19ff; Basel, Universitätsbibl. C.I.13, fol. 20 ff; Berlin, Stadtbibl. lat., fol. 249, fol. 1r-16ra; Berlin, Stadtbibl. theol. lat., fol. 440, fol. 97-149v; Bern, Stadtbibl. 688, fol. 72-101v; Klosterneuberg, Stifstbibl. 1048; Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 928, fol. 25-54v; Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 975, fol. 172v-184; London, Brit. Libr. Royal 6 B X, fol. 133ff; Monte Cassino, Bibl. dell'abbazia 136, p. 281-316; Oxford, Bodleian Library Laud. Misc. 646, fol. 107-128; Paris, B.N. lat. 14320, fol. 151-172v; Rome, Casanatense 1910, fol. 76-90v; Vatican City, Vat. Borgh. 261, fol. 1-18v; Vat. Pal. lat. 656, fol. 159-174; Venice, S. Marco VIII 22, fol. 1-22; Vienna, ÖNB 2080, fol. 97-107; Worcester, Cathed. F.159, fol. 71-85v.

8. Summa titulorum decretalium ('Vilitati sociorum meorum'), EDITION: A. Vetulani, SG 1 (1953) 281-82, has printed most of the prologue; MANUSCRIPTS: Gniezno, Bibl. Kapit. 50, fol. 75-108v; Trier, Stadtbibl. 922, fol. 61-90v (ends at 1 Comp. 5.34).

9. Glosses on Arborem consanguinitatis, EDITION: By A. García y García, ZRG Kan. Abt. 68 (1982) 153-85.

MANUSCRIPTS: Graz, Universitätsbibl. 138, fol. 289r; Vatican City, Vat. Pal. lat. 625, fol. 3vb; Rouen, Bibl. Munic. 706, fol. 297va-b; Vat, Ross. lat. 595, fol. 2ra-b.

LITERATURE: M. Bertram, 'Some additions to the "Repertorium der Kanonistik",' BMCL 4 (1974) 11, 13; A. García y García, 'Observaciones sobre los Apparatus de Dámaso Húngaro a la tres primeras Compilaciones antiguas', Traditio 18 (1962) 469-71; idem, 'Glosas de Juan Teutónico, Vicente Hispano y Dámaso Húngaro a los Arbores Consanguinitatis et Affinitatis', ZRG Kan. Abt. 68 (1982) 153-185. S. Kuttner, 'Damasus als Glossator', ZRG Kan. Abt. 23 (1934); idem, Repertorium 393-96, 419-22, 426-28; idem, 'Retractationes IX', Gratian and the schools of law(London 1983) 41. C. Lefebvre, 'Damasus', DDC 4 (1949) 1014-19. F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 360-66. Schulte, QL I 194-96. H. Van de Wouw, 'Damasus', LMA 3 (1986) 470-71; A. Vetulani, SG 1 (1953) 281-82. R. Weigand, 'Mitteilungen aus Handschriften', Traditio16 (1960) 561; idem, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I (Munich 1963) 362-75.

David of London, probably studied canon law in French schools and in Bologna before 1170. His identity with a Bolognese glossator of the 1180's who signed his glosses with 'd.' is unlikely.

TEXTS: Glosses on Decretum, MANUSCRIPTS: see R. Weigand (1991) III.19).

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 281; idem and E. Rathbone, 'Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 286. S. Kuttner, Gratian and the Schools, 'Retractationes' VIII 26. R. Weigand, 'Glossenstudien', SG 26 (1991) III.19.

De coniugio: 'Cum alia sacramenta...' (see under Marriage Tract:)

De ortu coniugii: 'Sacramentum coniugii non ab homine...' (see under Marriage Tract:)

De instrumentis falsis uel suspectis in iudicio reprobandis, a canonist's reworking of a civilian treatise, de reprobatione instrumentorum.

EDITION: None

MANUSCRIPTS: Rome, Bibl. Casanat. 1910, fol. 74ra-rb.

LITERATURE: R. Fraher, 'Tancred's "Summula de criminibus": A new text and a key to the "Ordo iudiciarius",' BMCL 9 (1979) 23-35.

De modis arguendi

MANUSCRIPTS:

LITERATURE: S. Caprioli, 'De "modis arguendi" scripta rariora: 1.(-5)', Studi senesi III.12 (1963) 30-56, 107-90, 230-53; III.14 (1965) 355-414.

De modis soluendi contraria, an unusual work, a collection of loci for the resolving of contradictions between legal texts. In 1937, Kuttner labeled this work as a Notabilia in the Repertorium de Kanonistik; but by 1966, he decided it was a work in a genre by itself.

MANUSCRIPTS: Troyes, Bibl. Munic. 936, fol. 117va-119rb; Worcester MS F 159, fol. 185rb-vb.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium, 415; idem, 'De modis soluendi contraria', Traditio 22 (1966) 478-79.

De ortu coniugii: 'Sacramentum coniugii non ab homine'

MANUSCRIPTS: Stuttgart HB VI 63, fol. 43-49.

LITERATURE:

De presumptionibus (see Summa de presumptionibus)


De quaestione incidenti et emergenti, a decretalist's reworking of a civilian treatise; almost certainly not the work of Tancred.

MANUSCRIPTS: Rome, Bibl. Casanat. 1910, fol. 74rb.

LITERATURE: R. Fraher, 'Tancred's "Summula de criminibus": A new text and a key to the "Ordo iudiciarius",' BMCL 9 (1979) 23-35.

Decretales Gregorii IX (Also Liber Extra), a compilation of the Decretals from the Compilationes antique edited and reorganized by Raymundus de Peñafort at the command of Pope Gregory IX. According to the promulgation bull of 1234, 'Rex pacificus', Raymundus eliminated all that was contradictory or repetitious. Pope Gregory also contributed decretals, some of them not written on specific cases but stating more abstract points of law. Although the Pope declared that decretals which had been omitted were no longer to be cited, some canonists did so because they valued the 'ratio' which a particular decretal contained. Although 'Rex pacificus' marked an important step on the road to a positive theory of law, nevertheless the older paradigm of law as a sort of written reason was by no means overthrown.

The organization of the Decretales followed the pattern established in the Compilationes antique. There were five books whose contents were suggested by the mnemonic, 'iudex, iudicium, clerum, connubia, crimen'. Each book is divided into titles such as 'de consuetudine', 'de prebendis' and 'de uerborum significatione' which contained a series of decretal letters arranged generally in chronological order.

Major commentaries on the Decretales Gregorii IX were written by the following canonists in the thirteenth century: Aegidius de Fuscarariis, Balduinus Brandenburgensis, Bernardus de Montemirato Bernardus Parmensis (this was the Glossa Ordinaria), Boatinus of Mantua, Bonaguida Aretinus, Egidius de Fuscarariis, Franciscus de Albano, Goffredus de Trano (Tranensis), Guillelmus Naso, Henry of Merseyburg, Henry of Susa, Innocent IV, Pope, Johannes (Guidonis) de Ancona, Johannes Hispanus de Compostela, Johannes de Phintona, Petrus Sampson and Vincentius Hispanus. Later commentaries were written by Alexander de Nevo, Alexander Tartagnus, Andreas Barbatius, Angelo da Castro, Antonius de Butrio, Antonius de Rosellis, Arnold Westphal, Augustin Bero, Baldus de Ubaldis, Benedictus Capra, Cosma Contarini, Dominicus de Sancto Geminiano, Egidius de Bellamera, Felinus Sandeus, Franciscus de Accoltis, Franciscus Zabarella, Giacomo Zocchi, Giovanni Giacomo Can, Henricus Bohic, Henricus minor, Jacobus Cionis Illerdensis, Johannes Andreae, Johannes Franciscus Poggius, Johannes de Lignano, Marianus Socinus, Martinus Martini, Nicolaus de Tudeschis, Paulus de Aretio, Petrus de Ancharano, Petrus Joannis, Philipus Decius, Prosdocimo Conti and Stefano Buonaccorsi.

AUTHOR: compiled and edited by Ramundus de Peñafort

EDITION: E. Friedberg, ed. Corpus iuris canonici, vol. II. (Leipzig 1879 [repr. ed. Graz 1959] 1-928.

MANUSCRIPTS:  Taken from lists compiled by Martin Bertram (http://www.dhi-roma.it/bertram_extrahss.html?&L=0):  FRANCE: Paris, Bibl. Mazarine 1293, 1294, 1295,  1296, 1297,  1298, Paris. Bibl. Ste. Geneviève 331,  1653,  2960, Paris, BNF lat. 3936, 3937, ' 3938 ' 3939 ' 3940, 3941, 3942, 3943, 3944, 3945, 3946, 3947, 3948, 3949, 3450, 3950A, 3951, 3952, 3954, 3955, 3956, 3957, 3958, 3959, 3960, 3960A, 4294, 4295, 4295A, 4379, 8923, 8924, 9633, 11715, 11716, 11717, 13664, 14322, 14323, 14324, 15401, 15402, 15403, 15404, 15405, 15406, 15407, 15408, 15998, 15999, 16541, 16542 Alençon, Municipale 23 (CGD 2, S. 499) Amiens, Municipale 357, 358, 359 Angers, Municipale 374 (361), 376 (363), 377 (364), 378 (365), 379 (366), Arras, Municipale 11 (6), 287 (939), 289 (954), 568 (455), 581 (476), 593 (499), 793 (443), 802 (9), 811 (451), 816 (485), Autun, Municipale S 102 (formerly Séminaire 82), S 116 (formerly Séminaire 97), Avranches, Municipale 150, 151, 152, 155, 156, Besançon, Municipale 380,  Bourges, Municipale 183, 185, 186, 189, Cambrai, Muncicipale 288+289, 511, 619, 647, Chalons-sur-Marne, Municipale 63, Chantilly, Musée Condé 216 Carpentras, Municipale 172, Chartres, Municipale 146 (202), 149 (207), 280 (334),  Douai, Municipale 599, 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, 606, 607, Grenoble, Municipale 477 (früher 72/505), Laon, Municipale 156, 357, 359, 364, 365, 366, 381, Lille, Municipale 145, Lyon, Municipale 337 (270), Metz, Municipale 56, 105, Montpellier, Faculté de Médecine (H) 9, Municipale 31,  Poitiers, Municipale 122, 130,  Privas, Archive dépt. de l'Ardèche Ms. 2, Reims, Municipale 693, 694, 695, 696, 697, 698, 699, Rouen, Municipale 711 (E.3), 712 (E.26), 713 (E.87), 714 (E.45), 715 (E.58), 716 (E.69), 717 (E.70), 718 (E.86), 719 (E.91), 720 (E.18), 721 (E.14), 723 (E.42), 724 (E.51), 725 (E.94), Saint-Claude, Municipale 7, Saint-Mihiel, Municipale 8, Saint-Omer, Municipale 434, 435, 436, 455, 459, 480, 488, 575, Tours, Municipale 568 (571), Troyes, Municipale 193, 247, 858, 1244, 1413, 1508, 1783, 1902, Vendôme, Municipale 80, 81.

LITERATURE: S. Horwitz, 'Magistri and magisterium: Saint Raymond of Peñafort and the Gregoriana', Escritos del vedat 7 (1977) 209-38; idem, 'Reshaping a decretal chapter: Tua nobis and the canonists', Law, church, and society: Essays in honor of Stephan Kuttner, ed. K. Pennington and R. Somerville (Philadelphia 1977) 207-21. S. Kuttner, 'Raymond of Penyafort as editor: The "decretales" and "constitutiones" of Gregory IX', BMCL 12 (1982) 65-80. Schulte, QL II 3-25, Martin Bertram, 'Die Dekretalen Gregors IX. (1234): Kompilation oder Kodifikation?'  Magister Raimundus: Atti del Convegno per il IV centenario della Canonizzazione di San Raimondo de Penyafort (1601-2001), ed. C. Longo OP (Rom: Istituto Storico Domenicano, 2002) 61-86.

Decretum (see Gratian)

Decretum versificatum (see Werner von Schussenried)

Distinctio De absentia, a canonist's expansion of the civilian Hugolinus's Distinctio Cum aliquis est.

EDITION: none

MANUSCRIPTS: Rome, Bibl. Casanat. 1910, fol. 74rb

LITERATURE: R. Fraher, 'Tancred's "Summula de criminibus": A new text and a key to the "Ordo iudiciarius",' BMCL 9 (1979) 23-35. S. Kuttner, 'Analecta iuridica Vaticana (Vat. lat. 2343)', Collectanea Vaticana in honorem Anselmi M. Card. Albareda (Studi e Testi 219-220; Vatican City 1962) I, 423 n.1. P. Legendre, 'Nouveaux manuscrits de droit savant', RHD 35 (1957) 412.

Distinctio (Notabilia) 'Delicto coram iudice manifestato', based on the Decretum and treating the various forms of pleading. Written perhaps by the same author as the Perpendiculum.

MANUSCRIPTS: Grenoble, Bibl. Munic. 626, fol. 163rb-c; Munich, Clm 7622, fol. 50rb; Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. Rep. II 117, fol. 5ra; Vatican City, Bibl. Apost. Borgh. 287, fol. 6vc, 8va-b.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 234; idem, 'Retractationes IX', Gratian and the Schools(London 1983) 40.

Distinctio 'Est ius naturale', appears in a manuscript alongside Alanus's Decretum-Apparatus, Ius naturale (see Alanus Anglicus) and the reportatio of Laurentius's lectures on the Decretum (see Laurentius Hispanus). Rudolf Weigand has identified a set of Distinctiones in the hand of the author of the reportatio as well. They seem to have been influenced by the Summa Lipsiensis.

MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, B.N. lat. 15393, fol. 2vb.

LITERATURE: R. Weigand, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 203-04.

Distinctio Ius naturale, transmitted in two manuscripts where it follows the Summa Permissio quedam. Influenced by the Summa De iure canonico tractaturus.

EDITION: In part by R. Weigand (1963) 204-5.

LITERATURE: R. Weigand, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 204-6.

Distinctiones Bambergenses (see Summa 'Permissio quedam')

Distinctiones Cantabrigienses (on Gratian's Decretum), represent the oldest type of Distinctiones, composed no later than in the 1160's.

MANUSCRIPTS: Cambridge, Univ. Libr. Addit. 3321.1, fol. 36-59.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 213-214.

Distinctiones Carnotenses (on Gratian's Decretum), of Bolognese origin and composed probably in the 1150's.

MANUSCRIPTS: Chartres, Bibl. de la Ville 169, fol. 76-80v.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 211-13.

Distinctiones 'Consuetudo' (Summa Gallicana-Bambergensis), on Gratian's Decretum. These French 'Distinctiones' are mostly excerpted from the Summa 'Inperatorie maiestati' (ca. 1175-78).

MANUSCRIPTS: Arras, Bibl. Munic. 271, fol. 181vb-88r (excerpt); Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 17, fol. 96-103v, 178-180v (fragment); London, Brit. Libr. Cott. Vit. A. III, fol. 219-227v (fragment).

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 219; idem 'An interim checklist of manuscripts', Traditio11 (1955) 446-47; idem, 'Notes on manuscripts', Traditio 15 (1959) 499; F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 135-37. H. Singer, 'Beiträge zur Würdigung der Decretistenlitteratur I', AKKR 69 (1893) 416, 420-36.

Distinctiones Halenses (see Summa 'Permissio quedam')

Distinctiones 'Hec sunt que suadent ne spoliatus', a set of distinctions not forming part of the Notabilia 'Delicto coram iudice manifestato', but immediately following it in the Vatican manuscript.

MANUSCRIPTS: Vatican City, Vat. Borgh. 287, fol. 9-10.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 234; idem, 'Retractationes IX', Gratian and the Schools of Law (London 1983) 40.

Distinctiones Lex naturalis, an Anglo-Norman compilation of ca. 1200.

MANUSCRIPT: London, Brit. Libr. Addit. 24659, fol. 2v-4v, 10r, 43v.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, 'Dat Galienus opes et sanctio Justiniana', Linguistic and literary studies in honor of Helmuth H. Hatzfeld, ed. A. Crisafulli. (Washington, D.C. 1964) 242 n.22.

Distinctiones Monacenses ('Si mulier eadem hora...'), on Gratian's Decretum, this work belonged to the circle of Gerard Pucelle and the Anglo-French orbit. The author was probably a jurist from Westphalia, who composed it in the early 1170's.

MANUSCRIPTS: Leipzig, Stadtbibliothek Rep. I.7; Munich, Clm 16084, fol. 38v-62; Troyes, Bibl. Munic. 640, fol. 146-164v.

EDITION:  Distinctiones 'Si mulier eadem hora’ seu Monacenses. Edited by A.J. de Groot. Rechtshistorische reeks van het Gerard Noodt Instituut, 36. Nijmegen: Gerard Noodt Instituut, 1996. Distinctiones 'Si mulier eadem hora’ seu Monacenses. Edit Rosalba Sorice. Monumenta iuris canonici, Series A: Corpus Glossatorum, 4. Citt del Vaticano: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 2002.  Sorice's edition is a revised text based on de Groot's, with many improvements. 

LITERATURE: A.J. De Groot, 'Probleme bei der Ausgabe der sogennanten Distinctiones Monacenses', Proceedings Salamanca (MIC C-6; Vatican City 1980) 187-94. S. Kuttner, Repertorium 215-16; idem and E. Rathbone, 'Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 296-303. F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 130-33. R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I (Munich 1963) 150-51.

Distinctiones Oxonienses, on Gratian's Decretum. This work was heavily influenced by the Summaof Johannes Faventinus in what suggests a Bolognese origin shortly after 1171.

MANUSCRIPTS: Oxford, Corpus Christi Coll. 154, p. 214-258.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 216-18.

Distinctiones Palatinae on Gratian's Decretum

MANUSCRIPTS: Vatican City, Vat. Pal. lat. 678, fol. 99v-100.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 214-15.

Distinctiones Parisienses on Gratian's Decretum

MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, B.N. lat. 1566, fol. 80-87.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 218-19.

Distinctionum fragmenta Londinensia appear in a manuscript which also contains the Summa of Simon of Bisignano. The texts are certainly of Anglo-Norman origin, but show no particular connection with the Distinctiones Decretorum of Ricardus Anglicus.

MANUSCRIPTS: London, Brit. Libr. Addit. 24659, fol. 2v-4v, 43v.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 227. R. Weigand, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 208-12.

Ecce vicit leo, an early thirteenth-century French apparatus on the Decretum that has survived in two recensions (1202/10). The work draws from many of the older Bolognese decretists, particularly Huguccio, and often shares doctrinal features with the Summa Bambergensis, another French product of the same decade.

EDITION: None

MANUSCRIPTS: First Recension (1202): Saint Florian, Stiftsbibl. XI. 605 [breaks at de con. D.4 c.28; without Gratian's text]; Second Recension (1210): Hamburg, Staats- und Universitätsbibl. Cod. jur. 2231 [manuscript contains Gratian's Decretum C.1 through de consecratione with Ecce vicit leo]; Laon 371, fol. 1-82v [breaks at C.27 q.2 c.48; without Gratian's text]; Paris, B.N. nouv. acq. lat. 1576; Vendôme, Bibl. Munic. 242 [begins at D.50; without Gratian's text]. Fragmentary texts: Cambridge, Trinity Coll. O.5.17 [many pages and glosses missing]; Lincoln, Cathedral 137 [fragmentary]; Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 41, fol. 126r-135r [without Gratian's text; contains only the commentary to Causa 1, the rest is Huguccio]; Vat. Borgh. lat. 270, [only Causa 23-26, the rest is Huguccio]; Liege, Univ. 127E (499) contains a conflation of the Summa 'Animal est substantia' with Ecce uicit leo. A commentary on Compilatio prima in the manuscripts, Brussels 1407-09 may be related to Ecce uicit leo.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 59-66; idem, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 288 n.50. F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 243-51. R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschließung im kanonischen Recht (Munich 1963) 1.195-97; idem, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 242-46 and passim.

Egidius (decretist), nothing of this Anglo-Norman canonist is known other than that he wrote a work called the Lucubratiuncule on the Decretum of Gratian. This work was heavily influenced by Simon of Bisignano's Summa (1177-79).

TEXTS: Lucubratiuncule MANUSCRIPT: Rome, Bibl. Vittorio Emanuele MS 1369, fol. 75ra.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner and E. Rathbone, 'Anglo-Norman Canonists of the Twelfth Century', Traditio 7 (1949-51) 301, 343; S. Kuttner, 'Retractationes VIII', Gratian and the Schools of law (1140-1234) (London 1983) 30. A. Rota, 'Il decretista Egidius e la sua concezione del diritto naturale', SG 2 (1954) 211-49. R. Weigand, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 176-77, 289.

Egidius (Magister), nothing is known about this canonist other than that he wrote a Summa on procedure that remains to be studied.

TEXTS: Summa (on procedure) MANUSCRIPT: London, British Library Harley MS 3763, fol. 44vb.

LITERATURE: J. Sayers, 'An Evesham Manuscript containing the treatise known as "Actor et Reus",' BMCL 6 (1976) 79.  

Egidius de Fuscarariis (Gilles de Foscararii), identified as a magister Decretorum at Bologna in 1252 and as a doctor Decretorum in 1269. Egidius was the first layman to teach canon law at Bologna. Egidius wrote a treatise on procedure, a Lectura on the Decretales Gregorii XI now lost, a treatise on notaries which is also lost, as well as Quaestiones and Consilia.  Egidius died at Bologna in 1289.

TEXTS:

1. Tractatus de ordine iudiciario EDITION: L. Wahrmund, ed. Der Ordo iudiciarius des Aegidius de Fuscarariis, Quellen zur Geschichte des römisch- kanonischen Prozesses im Mittelalter, III.I (Innsbruck 1916 [reprint ed. Aalen 1962]).

2. Lectura in decretales (Savigny believed two fragments may survive in Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 163 et 170, but von Schulte doubted this.)

3. Tractatus de tabellionis

4. Consilia et Quaestiones EDITION: C. Reatz, Collectio scriptorum de processu canonicoI (Giessen 1860), prints ten quaestiones from  Bamberg and Darmstadt manuscripts. 

MANUSCRIPTS: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 43; Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 853.

LITERATURE: J. Deshusses, 'Gilles de Foscarari ou Aegidius de Fuscarariis' DDC 5 (1953) 967-68. Schulte, QL II 139-43.

'Ego dico tibi "Tu es Petrus",' a commentary on De penitentia

MANUSCRIPTS: Zwettl 162, fol. 50-65v, Poznan, Metrop. Chapter 28, fol. 190r-200v.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 323 n.18; idem, 'Retractationes VII', Gratian and the Schools (London 1983) 20.

Eilbertus Bremensis, a canonist and author of a versified procedural treatise which he published while serving at the court of Bishop Wolfger of Passau, ca. 1192-95.

TEXT: Ordo iudiciarius

EDITION: L. Wahrmund, Quellen zur Geschichte des römisch-kanonischen Processes im Mittelalter I.5 (Innsbruck 1906).

LITERATURE: W. Stelzer, 'Eilbert von Bremen', ÖAKR 27 (1976) 60-69.

Evrardus Yprensis, a Cistercian monk from Clairvaux, wrote a Summa decretalium quaestionum which is just an epitome of Sicardus of Cremona's Summa (1179-81).

TEXTS: Summa decretalium quaestionum

MANUSCRIPTS: Reims, Bibl. de la Ville 689.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 187-90. N.M. Haring, 'A Latin Dialogue on the doctrine of Gilbert of Poitiers', Mediaeval Studies 15 (1953) 243-89; idem, 'Everard of Ypres and his appraisal of the conflict between St. Bernard and Gilbert of Poitiers', Mediaeval Studies 17 (1955) 143-72.

Exceptiones decretalium trium compilationum, a very brief epitome or outline of the first three Compilatione antique.

MANUSCRIPTS: Admont, Stiftsbibl. 611; Arras, Bibl. Munic. 285; Berlin, Staatsbibl. lat., fol. 231, fol. 122-99v; Capestrano (Aquila), Oratorium XXXVI; Douai, Bibl. Munic. 597; London, Brit. Libr. Royal 11.C.VII, fol. 4, 245; Lyons, Bibl. Univ. 338; Paris, B.N. lat. 3931, fol. 1-50; Paris, B.N. lat. 3934, fol. 27-54; Saumur, Bibl. Munic. 9, fol. 1-27v; Troyes, Bibl. Munic. 1835; Vat. Borgh. lat. 63.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 436-37.

Excerptum decretorum, a large collection of Quaestiones in a Pommersfelden MS bears this title.

EDITION: None

MANUSCRIPTS: Pommersfelden, Bibl. Graf Schönborn MS 41 (2918), fol. 1-69v.

LITERATURE: A. Stickler, 'Decretista Germanica Adaucta', Traditio 12 (1956) 603.

Fidantia (Fidentius), a canon of Civita Castellana mentioned in a decretal of 21.12.1176 in Jaffe-Lowenfeld, no. 13854. Fidantia wrote some glosses on the Decretum which appear under the siglum 'f.' and f.c.

TEXTS: Glosses on Decretum MANUSCRIPTS: Bernkastel-Kues, Sankt-Nikolaus-Hospital, Cusanus-Stiftsbibl. 223; Hereford, Cathed. Libr. P.vii.3; Munich, Clm 10244; Reims, Bibl. Munic. 676; see also Glossa Palatina.

LITERATURE: W. Holtzmann, Kanonistische Ergänzungen zur Italia pontificia (Tübingen 1959) 28 n.21. S. Kuttner, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 281 nn. 16, 17; idem, 'Retractationes VII', Gratian and the Schools of Law 1140-1234 (London 1983) 10-11. R. Weigand, 'Die Glossen', SG 26.III 23.

Flores decretorum, a summary of the Decretum

MANUSCRIPTS: Washington D.C. L.C. Law Library, MS F 6.

LITERATURE: Brief description only in S. Kuttner, 'Manuscripts and Incunabula Exhibited at the Inauguration of the Institute in May, 1956', Traditio 12 (1956) 614.

Fragmentum A (Asloense), the remnants of a decretal collection that was first believed to belong to the Wigorniensis group (W. Holtzmann, 1945), but the true origin of which remains to be ascertained. At any rate, the work postdates Compilatio I (W. Holtzmann, 1954).

EDITION: None.

MANUSCRIPTS: Oslo, Staatsarchiv (two? or four folios used as binding material in different codices).

LITERATURE: C. Duggan, Twelfth Century Decretal Collections and their Importance in English History (London 1963) 124 n.2. W. Holtzmann, 'Über eine Ausgabe der papstlichen Dekretalen des 12.Jahrhunderts', Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, Phil. - Hist. Klasse(1945) 24; idem and E. Kemp. Papal Decretals relating to the Diocese of Lincoln in the Twelfth Century, Lincoln Record Society 47 (1954) xiii; W. Holtzmann, 'La collection "Seguntina" et les décrétales de Clément III et de Célestin III,' RHE 50 (1955) 401 n.2. Charles Lefebvre, 'Fragment d'Oslo', DDC 6 (1957) 1180.

Fragmentum B (Parisiense I), preserves three decretals, two of them subdivided into several items and distributed under rubrics, the latest dated 1169.

EDITION: Summary analysis by Kuttner, Repertorium 286-87.

MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, B.N. lat. 15001, fol. 121vb-122.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium, 286-87; idem, 'The "Extravagantes" of the Decretum in Biberach', BMCL 3 (1973) 64.

Fragmentum C (Parisiense II), related to the collections of Gilbertus and Alanus.

EDITION:

MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, B.N. lat. nouv. acq. 2477 (two folios).

LITERATURE: P. Lauer, Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chartes 96 (1935) 214. W. Holtzmann, Kanonistische Ergänzungen zur Italia pontificia (Tübingen 1959) 13.

Fragmentum Cantabrigiense, a decretist work dependent on the teachings of Magister Rolandus, composed at Bologna ca. 1148-59.

MANUSCRIPTS: Cambridge, Univ. Libr. Addit. 3321, fol. 4r-35v (covers C.23 q.8 c.27 - C.35 pr. only).

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 129; idem and E. Rathbone, "Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 292. F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 49-50. R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I (Munich 1963) 116-26.

Fragmentum D (Parisiense III), 19 decretals of Alexander III. which (except one) were incorporated integrally into a collection of the primitve type..

EDITION: Analysis by S. Chodorow, BMCL 3 (1973) 51-55.

MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, B.N. lat. 587, fol. 133r-134v.

LITERATURE: S. Chodorow, 'A Group of Decretals by Alexander III', BMCL 3 (1973) 51-55.

Fragmentum E (Trecense; formerly Collectio Trecensis), contains decretals appended to a copy of the Decretum, none of which dates later than into the early years of Alexander III's pontificate.

EDITION:

MANUSCRIPTS: Troyes, Bibl. de la Ville 103, fol. 2, 265v-266.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium, 287-88. J. Rambaud-Buhot, SG I (1953) 136 n.23.

Fragmentum F (Zwettlense), contains 24 decretals, most of them much abbreviated.

EDITION:

MANUSCRIPTS: Zwettl, Klosterbibl. 34, fol. 82.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, 'Notes on a projected corpus of 12th century decretal collections', Traditio 6 (1948) 350.

Fragmentum Florentinum (see Collectio Lipsiensis).

Fragmentum G (Veronense), 20 decretals and the canons of Lateran III in the form of the 'Bambergensis Group'.

EDITION:

MANUSCRIPTS: Verona, Arch. di Stato Vari C 2, fol. 1r-2v.

LITERATURE: W. Holtzmann, Kanonistische Ergänzungen zur Italia pontificia (Tübingen 1959) 13.

Fragmentum H (Riccardianum), a disorderly epitome of a systematic collection, perhaps of Compilatio I.

EDITION:

MANUSCRIPTS: Florence, Bibl. Riccardi 338, fol. 215v-224v

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, 'Notes on a projected corpus of 12th century decretal collections', Traditio 6 (1948) 350.

Fragmentum I (Salmantinum), twelfth century decretals mainly from Alexander III, which also appear in Collectiones Sangermanensis and Tanneri.

EDITION: Summary analysis by A. García y García, Traditio 22 (1966) 466-67.

MANUSCRIPTS: Salamanca, Bibl. de Univ. Civil 2241, fly-leaf.

LITERATURE: A. García y García, 'Canonística Hispanica', Traditio 22 (1966) 466-67.

Fragmentum K (Seguntinum), Collection of decretals from Alexander III in 27 chapters.

EDITION:

MANUSCRIPTS: Sigüenza, Bibl. del Cabildo 14 (or 41?), 2 fly-leaves.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, 'Varia ex manuscriptis', Traditio 21 (1965) 517-518.

Fragmentum L (Cantabrigiense), a series of decretals following Appendix concilii Lateranensis, largely from papal legislation of the 1160's and 1170's.

EDITION: Analyzed by C. Duggan, Traditio 18 (1962) 459-68.

MANUSCRIPTS: Cambridge, St. John's College 148 (F.11), fol. 77v-84v.

LITERATURE: C. Duggan, 'English canonists and the "Appendix Concilii Lateranensis",' Traditio18 (1962) 459-68.

Fragmentum Londinense, a fragment of a primitive decretal collection comprising six items.

EDITION: None.

MANUSCRIPTS: London, Brit. Libr. 11.B.V, fol. 207-208v.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 305.

Fragmentum M (Cracoviense), a derivative from Collectio Lipsiensis.

EDITION: Analyzed by A. Vetulani - S. Kuttner, Traditio 16 (1960) 534-40.

MANUSCRIPTS: Cracow, Cathed. Chapter 106, fol. 1-2

LITERATURE: A. Vetulani - S. Kuttner, 'Un fragment d'une collection systématique de décrétales antérieure à la "Compilatio Prima",' Traditio 16 (1960) 534-40.


Fragmentum Monacense, a series of extravagantes, most of which belong to the pontificate of Alexander III (1159-81). With the exception of one item, all of the material forms also part of the Collectio Cusana.

EDITION: Analysis by R. Weigand, BMCL 13 (1983) 20-24.

MANUSCRIPT: Munich, Clm 28175, fol. 318ra-320rd.

LITERATURE: R. Weigand, 'Die Dekretanhänge in den Handschriften Hewiligenkreuz 44, Pommersfelden 142 und München 28175', BMCL 13 (1983) 19-25.

Fragmentum N (Arundelianum), eleven items, extracted from a collection of the Lucensis type.

EDITION: Analyzed by C. Cheney, BMCL 8 (1978) 6-7.

MANUSCRIPTS: London, College of Arms, Arundel 30, fol. 1r-v, 4v.

LITERATURE: C. Cheney, 'The fragment of a decretal collection from Bury St. Edmunds', BMCL 8 (1978) 1-7.

Fragmentum O (Dertusense), contains 9 decretals, the latest dated 17 July 1193. Chodorow believes the fragment derives from the source from which the Collectio Dertusensis III also derived.

EDITION: Analyzed by S. Chodorow (1982) 29-31.

MANUSCRIPTS: Tortosa, Bibl. del Cabildo MS 269, fol. 11.

LITERATURE: S. Chodorow, 'The Collectio Dertusensis Tertia and Tortosa MS 269', Revista española de derecho canonico 39 (1983) 29-31.

Fragmentum Parisiense (see Fragmentum B)

Fragmentum Wigorniense, a decretist commentary written in the wake of Paucapalea's teachings, at Bologna (ca. 1148-59).

MANUSCRIPT: Worcester, Cathed. Q.70, fol. 1-40v.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 130-31. F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 51-52.

Franciscus de Albano (Franciscus Vercellensis), professor at Avignon, attended the council of Lyon in 1274, as we know though his commentary on its constitutions. His Lectura on the Decretales was used extensively by Johannes Andreae in the composition of his Novelle, but seems to have survived only in minor portions.

TEXTS:1. Commentary on the Constitutions of Lyon II MANUSCRIPTS: St. Omer, Bibl. Munic. 446.

2. Lextura Decretalium MANUSCRIPTS: St. Omer, Bibl. Munic. 446 (covering X 3.2.7 only).

LITERATURE: M. Bertram, 'Zur wissenschaftlichen Bearbeitung der Konstitutionen Gregors X.', QF 53 (1973) 459-67. L. Boyle, 'The date of the commentary of William Duranti on the constitutions of the second council of Lyons', BMCL 4 (1974) 39-47. E. Fournier, Questions d'histoire du droit canonique (Paris 1936) 12-31; R. Naz, 'Francois d'Albano', DDC 5 (1953) 899. Schulte, QL II 157.

G. Coventris episcopus, Magister (see Gérard Pucelle)

Galienus, the otherwise unknown author of a penitential Summa, composed around 1250. His principal sources were the Summae of Raymond of Penyafort and Guillaume Peyrault.

TEXT: Speculum iuniorum MANUSCRIPTS: Cambridge, Corp. Christi 392 and 477, St. John's Coll. 113, fol. 1r-132r; London, Lamb. Palace 485, fol. 121r-227v; Oxford, Bodl. 655 and 767, Laud. lat. misc. 166 and 397, Rawl. A.367, Wood Empt. 22; Ripley Castle, Harrogate; Worcester, Cath. F.38, fol. 216v-270r.

LITERATURE: L. Boyle, 'Three english pastoral summae and a "Magister Galineus",' SG 11 (1967) 133-44.

Gandulphus, a canonist and theologian of the mid-twelfth century. Between 1160 and 1170 Gandulphus wrote the Sententiarum libri quatuor, which was an abbreviation of Peter Lombard's Sentences as well as glosses to Gratian's Decretum. Gandulphus is reputed to have been a teacher of Huguccio.

TEXTS:1. Glosses on Decretum EDITION: R. Weigand, BMCL 7 (1977) 15-48, has published a number of glosses and listed the manuscripts.

2. Sententiarum libri quatuor EDITION: J.von Walter, Magistri Gandulphi Bononiensis Sententiarum libri quatuor (Vienna - Breslau 1924).

LITERATURE: F. Gillmann, 'Die Lehre des Gandulphus über das Ehehindernis der geistlichen Verwandtschaft', AKKR 105 (1925) 242, 480-88. A. Landgraf, 'Drei Trabanten des Magister Gandulphus von Bologna', Collecteanea Franciscana 7 (1937) 357-79. C. Lefebvre, 'Gandulphe', DDC 5 (1953) 933-35. F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 88-93. Schulte, QL I 132. R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I (Munich 1963) 143-49; idem, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 324, 343-44; idem, 'Gandulphusglossen zum Dekret Gratians', BMCL 7 (1977) 15-48. H. Van de Wouw, Gandulphus von Bologna', LMA 4 (1989) 1105.

Garinus, a decretist who may have taught at Bologna around 1180, is cited once as the author of a 'glosarium' by the anonymous decretist commentary preserved in MS Aschaffenburg Perg. 26, fol. 223rb (cf. Summa Casinensis). The same passage also refers to an unknown 'ma. Radl.', who is said to have written a similar work.

LITERATURE: H. van de Wouw, 'Notes on the Aschaffenburg manuscript Perg.26', BMCL 3 (1973) 100.

Garsias Hispanus (see Johannes Garsias Hispanus).  Peter Linehan has argued that Garsias Hispanus is the canonist's correct name.

Geraldus of Wales (Giraldus Cambrensis), mentions in his autobiography (De rebus a se gestis 2.1) that in 1177 he had taught the Decretum and discussed Causas decretales at Paris. No traces of these activities seem to have survived.

LITERATURE: R. Bartlett, Gerald of Wales, 1146-1223 (Oxford 1982); J. S. Brewer (ed.), Giraldi Cambrensis opera. Rolls Series 21 (London 1861) 1.45-48. S. Kuttner, 'Les débuts de l'école canoniste francaise', SDHI 4 (1938) 201-3; idem and E. Rathbone, 'Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51); S. Kuttner, 'Retractationes VIII', Gratian and the Schools(London 1983) 34-35; M. Richter, Giraldus Cambrensis', LMA 4 (1989) 420-21.

Gérard Pucelle (Girardus, Gherardus, G. Coventris Episcopis), born c.1115-20 probably in England. Gérard studied and taught theology and possibly law in France. John of Salisbury said Gérard taught 'leges et decreta'. His students included Lucas of Hungary, Walter Map, Ralph Niger, master Richard, and a certain Gervase who retired to Durham. Gérard was connected to the familia of Thomas Becket. He undertook a mission to the Empire in 1165/66 even though Frederick Barbarossa had been excommunicated. In 1168 Gérard returned to England and took the loyalty-oath to King Henry II which had been rejected by Becket. Thereafter, Gérard got the permission of the Pope and King Louis VII of France to reside in Cologne. Cologne was one of the most important centers of canon law learning in the 1160's and 1170's, producing works such as the Summa 'Elegantius in iure diuino'. From c.1174-1183, Gérard served as a principal clerk to Becket's successor, Archbishop Richard. In 1183, he was made Bishop of Coventry, but died only a few months thereafter.

TEXTS: Glosses on the Decretum MANUSCRIPTS: Durham, Cathed. MS C.III.1 marked with the siglum 'Ger.'; in the Summa Lipsiensis marked with the siglum 'Magister G. Coventris Episcopus', and occasionally in the Summa Parisiensis, the Summa antiquitate et tempore, Ecce uicit leo, and the Summa 'Quid sit symonia'.

LITERATURE: J. Fried, 'Gerard Pucelle und Köln', ZRG Kan. Abt. 68 (1982) 125-35. S. Kuttner, Repertorium 26; idem and E. Rathbone, 'Anglo-Norman Canonists of the Twelfth century', Traditio7 (1949-51) 296-303. C. Lefebvre, 'Pucelle, Gerard', DDC 7 (1965) 402-04.

Gerardus Bottonus, a professor of canon law and archpriest of Bologna in 1256.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 174.


Gerardus de Valeto, a Dominican (fl.1267), taught canon law at Bologna.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 174.


Gilbertus (Anglicus), an English canonist who studied and taught at Bologna, at the end of the 12th and beginning of the thirteenth century. He compiled a collection of decretals and wrote glosses to it.

TEXTS:1. Collectio Gilberti, a collection of decretals from the reign of Innocent III as well as pre-Innocentian decretals made obsolete by Compilatio tertia and Compilatio secunda, MANUSCRIPTS: Fulda, Landesbibl. D.14, fol. 2-31 = W1; Fulda, Landesbibl. D.5, fol. 84-132v = W2; Bamberg. Staatsbibl. Can. 18, fol. 44-59v = B1; Can. 20, fol. 55-63 = B2; Brussels, Bibl. Royal 1407-9, fol. 93-148v = Brux.; Durham, Cathed. C.III.3, fol. 75-121 = D; London, Brit. Libr. Harley 3834, fol. 140-201 = H; London, Lambeth Palace 105, fol. 220v-267v = L; Monte Cassino, Bibl. dell'abbazia 46, p. 439-538 = M; Salzburg, Stiftsbibl. St Peter a.IX.18, fol. 118-168 = S; Vercelli, Bibl. Capit. LXXXIX, fol. 1-50r = V; Paris, B.N. lat. 3922A, fol. 228r-334v = R; Sion, Archives du chapitre 118, fol. 102r-156v = Sn; Tortosa, Bibl. del Cabildo 160, fol. 49r-54v = T; Uppsala, Universitätsbibl. C.551, fol. 1-54v = U.

2. Glosse in collectionem Gilberti MANUSCRIPTS: W1, B1, B2, D, and partially in Brux. Note: many of these glosses were copied over onto a Chartres manuscript of Compilatio secunda: Chartres 296, fol. 194-203 (See Kuttner, Repertorium, 349)

LITERATURE: R. von Heckel, 'Die Dekretalensammlung des Gilbertus und Alanus nach den Weingartener Handschriften', ZRG Kan. Abt. 29 (1940) 116-357. S. Kuttner, Repertorium 310-13; idem, 'Notes on a projected corpus of 12th century decretal collections', Traditio 6 (1948) 350; idem, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 318-19, 327-33; idem, 'Notes on manuscripts', Traditio 17 (1961) 534-35; C. Lefebvre, 'Gilbert', DDC 5 (1953) 966-67. Schulte, QL I 84, 188. H. Zapp, 'Gilbertus', LMA 4 (1988) 1450.

Gilles de Fuscarariis (see Egidius de Fuscarariis)

Giovanni (see Johannes)

Giovanni Regina di Napoli (?)

TEXTS: Quaestio

LITERATURE: T. Turley, 'An unnoticed quaestio of Giovanni Regina di Napoli', Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum 54 (1984) 281-91.

Glossa Cusana, a gloss composition to parts of Gratian's Decretum which occurs in a manuscript in Bernkastel-Kues. The manuscript contains also portions of the Summa 'Animal est substantia', suggesting that this work is somehow related.

EDITION: None.

MANUSCRIPTS: Bernkastel-Kues, Sankt-Nikolaus-Hospital, Cusanus-Stiftsbibl. 223 (second layer).

LITERATURE: A. Stickler, 'Decretista Germanica Adaucta', Traditio 12 (1956) 599; idem, 'Ergänzungen zur Traditionsgeschichte der Dekretistik: I. Zum Apparat "Animal est substantia",' BMCL 1 (1971) 73-75.

Glossa Duacensis, a French decretist apparatus composed before 1210 which betrays certain doctrinal connections with the Summa Bambergensis.

MANUSCRIPT: Douai, Bibl. Munic. 649 (first layer).

LITERATURE: F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 264-69. A. Stickler, 'Die "Glossa Duacensis" zum Dekret Gratians', Speculum iuris et ecclesiarum. Festschrift für W. M. Plöchl zum 60. Geburtstag (Vienna 1967) 385-92.

Glossa Palatina (see Laurentius Hispanus)

Glossae Valentianenses, on Compilatio I, were composed by a French canonist at the beginning of the 13th century.

MANUSCRIPT: Valenciennes, Bibl. Munic. 274.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, 'Pope Lucius III and the bigamous archbishop of Palermo', Medieval studies presented to A. Gwynn, S.J., ed. J. Watt et al. (Dublin 1961) 447 and passim.

Goffredus de Trano (Tranensis), a student of the renowned civilian Azo, Goffredus was professor of Roman law at Naples, until he was appointed auditor of the Roman Rota in 1240. In 1244, Innocent IV, his former fellow student at Bologna, elevated him to the cardinalate. Goffredus died in 1245. Goffredus wrote the first full apparatus on the Decretales Gregorii IX, before 1243. Then, before his death, Goffredus completely rewrote the work as the well known Summa super titulis decretalium. Goffredus also wrote glosses on Novellae of Innocent IV.

TEXTS:1. Apparatus glossarum in Decretales Gregorii IX MANUSCRIPTS: Florence, Bibl. Naz. Princ. ii.i.417 (gloss with text of Liber Extra); Madrid, B.N. lat. 8982 (identification uncertain); Milan, Bibl. Ambros. Z.50, fol. 9r-407 (in the form of a marginal gloss); Montecassino, Biblioteca dell'Abbazia 266 (digital edition by Martin Bertram, gloss without the text); Paris, B.N. lat. 15402 (gloss with text); Seo de Urgel, Bibl. del Cab.2037 (with rich glosses); Venice, Bibl. Marc. lat. VIII.28; Vienna, ÖNB lat. 2197.

2. Summa super titulis decretalium MANUSCRIPTS: Arras 253; Avignon 122 (incomplete); Bamberg Staastbibl. Can. 00 [P.II.22]; Can. 48, Can. 00 [P.II.24]; Berlin, SB, fol. 82; Breslau, UB II.F.67 m.; Chartres 284; 367; 368 (2nd work); Darmstadt 341; 680; Douai 560; Erlangen 339; Florence, Bibl. Laur. LXXVII 15; Florence, S. Croce III sin.7; Grenoble, Bibl. Munic. 280 (489); 402 (490); Halle, Ye., fol. 33; Hildesheim, Dombibl. 17; Innsbruck 253; Cologne, Dom. 135; Cologne, Gymnas. 78; Laon 363; Leipzig UB 1000; 1001; 1018; Melk, Stiftsbibl. D.39; Munich, Clm 741; 5300; 5301; 8008; 9549; Olomouc III.20; VI.302; Paris, B.N. lat. 12453; 15411; 15412; 17529; 18224; Prague, UB VII.T.22; Saint-Omer 495; 553; Schottenstift, I.C.6.11; Toulouse B.224; Tours 560; Troyes 456; 809; 1356; 1448; 1746; Vienna, Hofbibl. 2076; 2137; 2208; Wolfenbüttel 1; 14 Aug.f.

3. Glosses on eight constitutions of Innocent IV MANUSCRIPT: Fulda, Landesbibl. D.10; Siena, Private Lib. of Domenico Maffei; Vienna, ÖNB lat. 2140.

LITERATURE: M. Bertram, 'Der Dekretalenapparat des Goffredus Tranensis', BMCL 1 (1971) 79-83. P. Herde, Beiträge zum päpstlichen Kanzlei- und Urkundenwesen im 13.Jahrhundert (2nd ed. Kallmünz 1967) 21 n.172. P. Kessler, 'Untersuchungen über die Novellen-Gesetzgebung Papst Innocenz' IV', ZRG Kan. Abt. 31 (1942) 214-35; idem, 'Wiener Novellen', SG 11 (1967) 98-99; S. Kuttner, 'Die Konstitutionen des ersten allgemeinen Konzils von Lyon', SDHI 6 (1940) 124-31; idem, 'Canonisti nel Mezzogiorno: Alcuni profili e riflessioni', Scuole, diritoo e società nel Mezzogiorno medievale d'Italia 2, ed. M. Bellomo (Catania 1987) 19-22. Schulte, QL II 88-91. P. Stein, 'The source of the Romano-canonical part of Regiam maiestatem', Scottish Historical Review48 (1969) 107-23. H. Zapp, 'Goffredus de Trano', LMA 4 (1988) 1533-34.

Gratia Aretinus (see Petrus Aretinus), a 13th century canonist from Arezzo who wrote an Ordo iudiciarius after 1234. In a Madrid MS (B.N. 12691, fol. 53ra-60ra), the same work appears under the title of Summa de causis, ascribed to a 'magister Petrus Aretinus'.

TEXTS: Ordo iudiciarius EDITION: F. Bergmann, Pilii, Tancredi, Gratiae, Libri de iudiciorum ordine (Göttingen 1842 reprinted Aalen 1965) 317-384.

LITERATURE: J. Deshusses, 'Gratia Aretinus', DDC 5 (1953) 994. Schulte, QL I 197-98. A. García y García, 'Canonística Hispanica (IV)', BMCL 1 (1973) 72-73; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 95, 349.

Gratian, a monk (?) and canonist working in Bologna (c.1125-40). Little is known of his life. His chief work, the Decretum (Concordia discordantium canonum), was completed c. 1140 and was the culmination of attempts to shape the materials of canon law into a system and provide a basis for its study and application. It became the first standard textbook of the subject in the schools.   A whole new stage in our understanding of Gratian and his work has begun with the publication of Anders Winroth's book (see bibliography below).  Winroth discovered an earlier recension of the Decretum.  Carlos Larrainzar has argued that Sankt Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek 673 contains an even earlier version of Gratian's work.  The full ramifications of Winroth's and Larrainzar's studies have yet to be worked out.

TEXTS: Decretum, formally titled Concordantia discordantium canonum, this was the founding work of the classical period of canon law study. The work was composed by Gratian between  ca. 1120 and 1140 out of approximately 3,800 texts from from patristic writers, conciliar canons and papal letters, as well as other sources which were included in the canonical collections on which he relied. The Decretum adopted the Scholastic 'Sic et non' method pioneered by Peter Abelard, arranging texts on different sides of particular questions and then attempting to resolve the difference in passages written by the author, the dicta. The received work is in three parts. I: 101 Distinctiones; II: 36 Causae subdivided into Quaestiones; and III. de consecratione a work on sacramental matters divided into five Distinctiones. The structure of part II is interrupted in C.33 q.2 by the inclusion of the De penitentia, which is divided into six Distinctiones; this was an interpolation which quickly became accepted into the Decretum text (see Wojtyla).

Gratian relied upon a number of earlier canonical collections as sources for his texts, as Peter Landau has indicated, including certainly the collection of Anselm of Lucca, two collections of Ivo of Chartres (the Tripartita, and the Panormia), the collection of Polycarp, the Collection in three books, and the Liber de misericordia et iustitia of Algers of Lüttich. He may also have used or at least known Ivo's Decretum, the Decretum of Burchard of Worms, Isidore's Etymologiarum, and the Collection in seventy-four titles.

Gratian's methodological antecedents were most importantly the Prologue of Ivo of Chartres and the book by Algers of Lüttich, both of which treat the harmonization of canonical texts.

As has been said, the Decretum which became the accepted text in the Bolognese law-school was not the work which left Gratian's hands. The  De consecratione were likely added to Gratian's original work shortly after its publication. The brief chapter summaries were also quickly added. Furthermore, a number of passages from Roman law were interpolated into the Decretum in the mid-twelfth century along with more than 150 other texts from canonical sources, but these are identified in the manuscripts as 'paleae', a term which was once thought to have derived from the decretist Paucapalea, the putative interpolator. The contemporary view seems to be, however, that the word palea means 'chaff': texts which were winnowed by Gratian but were then added back to his good grain by canonists of the mid-twelfth century.

This modification of Gratian's text could be even more radical. Abbreviations of the Decretum were written during the twelfth and thirteenth century (see Abbreuiatio Decreti); and there were several attempts to reorganize and rework the Decretum, the most important being that of Laborans (See Transformatio Decreti and Laborans).

EDITIONS: The standard "modern"edition is Emil Friedberg, ed. Corpus iuris canonici, vol. 1. (Leipzig 1879 [repr. ed. Graz 1959]);  Mainz 1472, Venice 1474,  Venice 1479, Nürnberg 1483, Nürnberg 1493

Rome 1582 edition online at the University of California, Los Angeles

MANUSCRIPTS: These lists of manuscripts are based on the work of Titus Lenherr (I.), Rudolf Weigand (II.), and Anthony Melnikas and Hubert Mordek (III.)

OLDER LITERATURE:

M. Bertram, 'Some additions to the "Repertorium der Kanonistik",' BMCL 4 (1974) 10-12. S. Chodorow, Christian Political Theory and Church Politics (Berkeley/Los Angeles 1972). P. Classen, 'Das Decretum Gratiani wurde nicht in Ferentino approbiert', BMCL 8 (1978) 38-40. J. Erickson, 'The Collection in three books and Gratian's Decretum', BMCL 2 (1972) 67-75. H. E. Feine, 'Gliederung und Aufbau des Decretum Gratiani', SG 1 (1953) 351-70. G. Fransen, 'La date du Décret de Gratien', RHE 51 (1956) 521-31. A. García y García, 'Nuevos manoscritos del Decreto', Études Gabriel Le Bras (Paris 1965) 126-28. J. Gaudemet, 'La doctrine des sources du droit dans le Décret de Gratien', RDC I (1951) 5-31; idem, 'Das römische Recht in Gratians Dekret', ÖAKR 12 (1961) 177-91. F. Gillmann, 'Paucapelea und Paleae bei Huguccio', AKKR 88 (1908) 466-79; idem, 'Einteilung und System des Gratianischen Dekrets nach den alten Dekretalglossatoren bis Johannes Teutonikus einschließlich', AKKR 106 (1926) 472-574. L. Guizard, 'Les manuscrits du Décret de Gratien de l'Université de Paris', . S. Kuttner, 'Zur Frage der theologischen Vorlagen Gratians', ZRG Kan. Abt. 23 (1934) 243-268; idem, Repertorium 13-58; idem, 'The Father of the Science of Canon Law', Jurist 1 (1941) 1-19; idem, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio1 (1943) 280 n.5; idem, 'Graziano: L'uomo e l'opera', SG 1 (1953) 17-29; idem,'New Studies on the Roman Law in Gratian's Decretum', Jurist: Seminar 11 (1953) 12-50; idem, 'Additional notes on the Roman Law in Gratian's Decretum', Jurist: Seminar 12 (1954) 68-74; idem, 'Some Gratian manuscripts with early glosses', Traditio 17 (1961) 532-36; idem, 'Retractationes VII', Gratian and the schools of law (London 1983) 8-9; idem, 'Research on Gratian: Acta and Agenda', Proceedings Cambridge (MIC C-7; Vatican City 1988) 3-26. P. Landau, 'Neue Forschungen zu vorgratianischen Kannonessammlungen und den Quellen des Gratianischen Dekrets', Ius Commune (1984) 1-29; idem, 'Gratian (von Bologna)', TRE 14 (1986) 124-130; idem, 'Quellen und Bedeutung des gratianischen Dekrets', SDHI 52 (1986) 218-35. T. Lenherr, 'Die Summarien zu den Texten des 2. Laterankonzils von 1139 in Gratians Dekret', AKKR 150 (1981) 528-51; idem, 'Arbeiten mit Gratians Dekret', AKKR 151 (1982) 140-66; idem, 'Fehlende "Paleae" als Zeichen eines überlieferungsgeschichtlich jüngeren Datums von Dekret-Handschriften', AKKR, 151 (1982) 495-507. F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 3-30. A. Melnikas, The Corpus of Miniatures in the Manuscripts of Decretum Gratiani (SG 16-18; Vatican City 1973-75). C. Mesini, 'Postille sulla biografia del "Magister Gratianus",' Apollinaris 54 (1981) 509-37. H. Mordek, Review of A. Melnikas, The Corpus of Miniatures in Decretum Gratiani vol. 3, ZRG Kan. Abt. 72 (1986) 403-411. J. Noonan, 'Was Gratian approved at Ferentino?', BMCL 6 (1976) 15-27; idem, 'Gratian Slept Here: The Changing Identity of the Father of the Systematic Study of Canon Law', Traditio 35 (1979) 145-72. J. Rambaud, 'Plan et méthode de travail pour la rédaction d'un catalogue des manuscrits de Décret de Gratien', RHE 48 (1953) 213; idem, 'L'étude des manuscrits du Decret de Gratien conservés en France', SG I (1953) 121-146; idem, 'Gratien et le Droit romain. Influence d'Yves de Chartres', RHD 35 (1957) 290-300; idem, 'Les paleae dans le Décret de Gratien', Proceedings Boston (MIC C-1; Vatican City 1971) 23-44. A. Vetulani, 'Über die Distinktioneneinteilung und die Paleae im Dekret Gratians', ZRG Kan. Abt. 22 (1933) 346-70; idem, 'Les manuscrits du décret de Gratien conserves dans les bibliothèques polonaises', RHD 15 (1936) 344-348; idem, 'Gratien et le droit romain', RHD 24-25 (1946-47) 11-48; idem, 'Encore un mot sur le droit romain dans le décret de Gratien', Apollinaris 21 (1948) 129-34; idem, 'Autor du Décret du Gratien', Apollinaris 4 1 (1968) 43-58; R. Weigand, 'Burchardauszüge in Dekrethandschriften und ihre Verwendung bei Rufin und als Paleae im Dekret Gratians', AKKR 158 (1989) 429-451; R. Weigand, 'Frühe Kanonisten und ihre Karriere in der Kirche', ZRG Kan. Abt. 76 (1990) 135-36, 152-55;  K. Wojtyla, 'Le traite de "Penitentia" de Gratien dans l'abégé de Gdansk Mar.F.275', SG 7 (1959) 355-390. H. Zapp, 'Gratian', LMA 4 (1989) 1658.

New literature since Winroth's discovery of an earlier recension:

Enrique De Leon, ‘La biografia di Graziano’, ed. Enrique De Leon and Nicolás Álvarez de las Asturias, La cultura giuridico-canonica medioevale: Premesse per un dialogo ecumenico (Milan 2003) 89- 107.  Grebner, Gundula, ‘Lay patronate in Bologna in the first half of the 12th century: Regular canons, notaries, and the Decretum’ 107. In Europa und seine Regionen: 2000 Jahre Rechtsgeschichte, ed. Andreas Bauer and Karl H. L. Welker (Vienna 2007) 107-122; Regula Gujer,  Concordia Discordantium Codicum Manuscriptorum?: zur Textentwicklung von 18 Handschriften anhand der D.16 des ‘Decretum Gratiani’ (Forschungen zur kirchlichen Rechtsgeschichte und zum Kirchenrecht 23; Cologne 2004); Carlos Larrainzar,  ‘El Decreto de Graciano del Codice Fd (= Firenze, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Conventi Soppressi A.I.402): In memoriam Rudolf Weigand’, Ius Ecclesiae 10 (1998) 421-489; Idem ‘El borrador de la Concordia de Graciano: Sankt Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek MS 673 (=Sg)’, Ius Ecclesiae 11 (1999) 593-666; Idem ‘La formacion del Decreto de Graciano por etapas’, Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Kanonistische Abteilung 87 (2001) 67-83; Idem ‘La ricerca attuale sul Decretum Gratiani’, ed. Enrique De Leon and Nicolás Álvarez de las Asturias, La cultura giuridico-canonicamedioevale: Premesse per un dialogo ecumenico (Milan 2003) 109-122; Idem "La edición crítica del Decreto de Graciano', BMCL 27 (2007) 71-104; Atria Larson, 'The Evolution of Gratian's Tractatus de penitentia', BMCL 26 (2004-2006) 59-123; Idem 'Early Stages of Gratian's Decretum and the Second Lateran Council:  A Reconsideration', BMCL 27 (2007) 21-56; Frederick C. Paxton,  ‘Le cause 13 de Gratien et la composition du Décret’, RDC 51 (2001) 233-249;  Kenneth Pennington, ‘Gratian, Causa 19, and the birth of canonical jurisprudence’, ed. Enrique De Leon and Nicolás Álvarez de las Asturias, La cultura giuridico-canonica medioevale: Premesse per un dialogo ecumenico (Milan 2003) 209-232 and in an expanded version in “Panta rei”: Studi dedicati a Manlio Bellomo, ed. Orazio Condorelli (Roma 2004) 4.339-355; Idem ‘Gratian’ DMA: Supplement (New York 2004) 246-247 (the sentence in this article that refers to Gratian as a theologian was added by the copy editor of the essay); Sommar, Mary E., ‘Gratian’s Causa VII and the Multiple Recension Theories’, BMCL 24 (1999) 78-96; José M.  Viejo-Ximénez,  ‘Concordia y Decretum del maestro Graciano: In memoriam Rudolf Weigand’, Ius canonicum 39 (1999) 333-357; Idem ‘La recepción del derecho romano en el derecho canonico’, Ius Ecclesiae14 (2002) 375-414; Idem ‘El derecho romano 'nuevo' en el Decreto de Graciano’, ZRG Kan. Abt. 88 (2002) 1-19; John Wei, 'A Reconsideration of St. Gall, Stiftsbibliothek 673 (Sg) in Light of the Sources of Distinctions 5-7 of the De penitentia', BMCL 27 (2007) 141-180; Rudolf Weigand,  Die Glossen zum Dekret Gratians: Studien zu den frühen Glossen und Glossenkompositionen (SG 25-26; Rome 1991).  Anders Winroth,  ‘Les deux Gratien et le droit romain’, RDC 48 (1998) 285-299; Idem The Making of Gratian's Decretum (Cambridge 2000); Idem ‘Le manuscrit florentin du Décret de Gratien: Une critique des travaux de Carlos Larrainzar sur Gratien, I’, RDC 51 (2001) 211-231; Idem ‘The Teaching of Law in the Twelfth Century’, ed. Helle Vogt and Mia Münster-Swendsen, Law and Learning in the Middle Ages (Copenhagen 2006), 41-62; Idem ‘Neither free nor slave: Theology and Law in Gratian’s Thoughts on the Definition of Marriage and Unfree Persons', ed. Mary E. Sommar and Wolfgang P. Müller, Medieval Foundations of the Western Legal Tradition: A Tribute to Kenneth Pennington (Washington, D.C. 2006) 97-109; Peter Landau, 'Gratian and the Decretum Gratiani', The History of Canon Law in the Classical Period, 1140-1234: From Gratian to the Decretals of Pope Gregory IX, edd. W. Hartmann and K. Pennington (History of Medieval Canon Law; Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2008) 22-54.

Gregory VIII (Albertus de Morra Beneventanus) Pope (10/1187-12/1187), a teacher of canon law at Bologna. His teachings on the Decretum seem to have survived in quotations of other canonists only.

LITERATURE: W. Holtzmann, 'Die Dekretalen Gregorius VIII', MIÖG 58 (1950) 113-123; S. Kuttner, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 282 n.19; Schulte, QL I 130-31; R. Weigand, 'Gandulphglossen zum Dekret Gratians', BMCL 7 (1977) 39-40; idem, 'Die Glossen', SG 26.III 16.

Gregory IX (Hugolinus of Segni), pope (1227-1241) who commissioned the canonist Raymundus de Peñafort to edit a comprehensive compilation out of the Compilationes antique. Promulgated in 1234, it was called the Decretales Gregorii IX or the Liber Extra. Gregory IX also included therein decretals of his own.

TEXTS: see Decretales Gregorii IX

LITERATURE: H. Dilcher, 'Gregor IX', TRE 14 (1985) 152-55. B. Roberg, Gregor IX.', LMA 4 (1989) 1671-72.

Gregory X, Pope (1271-1276).

TEXTS: see Constitutiones Concilii Lugdunensis secundi

LITERATURE: B. Roberg, 'Gregor X.', LMA 4 (1989) 1672-73.

Gregory (of London?), an English master cited twice in a collection of quaestiones (Londinenses) disputed at an Anglo-Norman school during the 1190's, as well as two other works of the same origin. His identity remains to be established.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 320, 327-28; idem, 'Retractiones VIII', Gratian and the schools of law (London 1983) 34; R. Weigand, 'Gregor (von London?)', LMA 4 (1989) 1683.

Guibert de Bonardo, a Bolognese canonist who during the 1150's wrote glosses on the Decretum. TEXTS: Glosses on Decretum EDITION: R. Weigand (1983) 201-209, has printed some 30 glosses; MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, B.N. lat. 14605; Bremen, Universitätsbibl. a.142; Mainz, Stadtbibl. II.204.

LITERATURE: R. Weigand, 'Romanisierungstendenzen im frühen kanonischen Recht', ZRG Kan. Abt. 69 (1983) 200-49.

Guido, Magister (fl. ca. 1180?), cited as the author of a definition of marriage in a MS of the Decretum at Biberach.

MANUSCRIPT: Biberach, Spitalarchiv B 3515, fol. 268rb.

LITERATURE: R. Weigand, 'Die Dekrethandschrift B 3515 des Spitalarchivs Biberach an der Riss', BMCL 2 (1972) 80.

Guido (Brito?) (see Casus ad Compilationem tertiam 'Scribit Dominus papa')

Guido de Collemedio, an administrator of the church of Noyon until he became bishop of Courtrai (1296). Pope Clement V made him archbishop of Salerno in 1306, but he died in the same year. His repertory to Innocent's apparatus decretalium was completed prior to 1296, when he was still at Noyon.

TEXTS: Repertorium super apparatu Innocentii IV MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, B.N. lat. 3987, lat. 4306, lat. 15424, fol. 113ra-130vb (incomplete); Toledo, Cat. MS 4-16, fol. 66ra-118ra; Valencia, Bibl. Univ. 1155, fol. 330ra-61vb.

LITERATURE: A. Bernal Palacios, 'Repertorios del Commentario de Innocencio IV a las Decretales de Gregorio IX', Escritos del Vedat 17 (1987) 149-52. R. Naz, 'Gui de Collemedio ou de Colle di Mezzo', DDC 5 (1953) 1009; F. Lajard, 'Gui de Colle di Mezzo, canoniste' HLF 25 (1869-98) 280-83; Schulte, QL II 178-79.

Guillaume d'Auvergne, a Parisian professor of theology and later bishop of Paris, composed manuals on penance and confession which oftentimes draw heavily from canonistic material.

TEXTS:1. Tractatus novus de penitentia EDITION: A hybrid version of the text has been printed in G's Opera 2 (Paris - Orléans 1674), where it is fused with various tracts of different origin, cf. P. Glorieux, Miscellanea A. Jansen 551-65; MANUSCRIPTS:

2. De confessione EDITION: Opera 2 (Paris - Orleans 1674) 238b-247a, as part of the hybrid edition of G's Tractatus novus; MANUSCRIPTS: Chartres, Bibl. Munic. 377; Klosterneuburg, Stiftsbibl. 205 and 450; London, BM Royal 8 F VII; Malines, Grande Sém. 28; Namur, Mus. archéol. 23; Vatican City, Vat. Reg. lat. 444.

LITERATURE: P. Glorieux, 'Le Tractatus novus de Poenitentia de Guillaume d'Auvergne', Miscellanea A. Jansen (Louvain -Gembloux s.l.) 551-65; P. Michaud-Quantin, Sommes de casuistique et manuels de confession au moyen âge (XII-XVI siècles) (Louvain - Lille - Montreal 1962) 28-30.

Guillelmus de Bar, a canonist of the later twelfth century. Nothing is known about him other than that he was cited by Vincentius Hispanus.

LITERATURE: F. Gillmann, AKKR 113 (1933) 106 n.6. S. Kuttner, Repertorium 12, 33.

Guillelmus de Bonis Consiliis, taught canon law at Bologna from at least 1273-95. .

TEXTS: Quaestiones MANUSCRIPTS: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 48; Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 853; Wroclaw, Univ. II.F.53.

LITERATURE: C. Lefebvre, 'Guillaume de Bonis Consolis', DDC 5 (1953) 1012. Schulte, QL II 163-64.

Guillelmus de Capella, professor of law at Orléans composed, besides numerous civilian works, repetitiones on certain chapters of Liber extra.

TEXT: Repetitiones in X, A. to X 1.38.2 EDITION: by G. Testaud (1908) 205-34 (from MS Paris 4488); MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, BN lat. 4488, fol. 173vb-75va; lat. 14328, fol. 136va. B. to X 2.1.4, MANUSCRIPT: Paris, BN lat. 14328, fol. 138vb.

LITERATURE: M. Bertram, 'Kirchenrechtliche Vorlesungen aus Orleans', Francia 2 (1974) 222; G. Testaud, Melanges Fitting I (Montpellier 1908) 205-34.

Guillelmus Durantis the Elder (William Duranti; the Speculator) is the famous author of the Speculum iudiciale, the most widely used procedural treatise of the Middle Ages. He was born near Beziers in Southern France, in 1236. He studied canon law at Bologna under Bernardus Parmensis and later taught at Modena. Pope Clement IV (1265-68) made him auditor generalis of the Rota, which gave him the pratical experience reflected in his chief work. G. attended the Second Council of Lyons in 1274 and later wrote a commentary on the council's constitutions. The peak of his administrative career was reached when he became rector generalis of the papal states in 1278, which he then exchanged for the rectorship of the new French papal provinces (1281-82). Guillelmus became bishop of Mende in 1286. He died at Rome ten years later.

TEXTS (canonical only): 1. Repertorium iuris canonici (1st ed. 1271; 2nd ed. before 1279)

Manuscripts:  Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Clm 13087 (can be downloaded);  Schulte QF 2.152 lists other manuscripts.

EDITIONS: Rome 1474; Venice 1496. Later editions appended the text to the end of the Speculum iudiciale.

2. Speculum iudiciale (1st version 1271-1276; revised 1287-1291) EDITIONS: Frankfurt 1602.

3. Commentary on the Constitutions of Lyons II (ca. 1293/94), EDITION: by S. Maiolo (Fano 1569).

LITERATURE: R. Aubert, 'Guillaume Durant évêque de Mende, dit "le Speculateur" (+1296)', DHGE 22.129-30 (1988) 891-92. M. Bertram, 'Zur wissenschaftlichen Bearbeitung der Konstitutionen Gregors X.', QF 53 (1973) 459-67. L. Boyle, 'The Date of the Commentary of William Duranti on the Constitutions of the Second Council of Lyons', BMCL 4 (1974) 39-47. F. Falletti, 'Guillaume Durand', DDC 5 (1953) 1014-75; V. Le Clercq, HLF 20 (1847) 411-97; Schulte, QL II 144-56.

Guillelmus de Fereriis, a jurist from the school of Orleans, composed, besides many civil law works, a repetitio on a chapter of Liber extra.

TEXT: 1. Repetitio in X (X 3.23.4)

LITERATURE: E. M. Meijers, Études d'histoire de droit III (Leiden 1959) 94.

Guillelmus de Foresta, author of glosses to the Decretum in Bibl. d'Etat de Tréves MS 906. Also, Guillelmus seems to have added glosses to the Summa Decreti of Simon of Bisignano.

TEXTS: Glosses on the Decretum, MANUSCRIPTS: Bibl. d'Etat de Tréves MS 906

LITERATURE: J. Junker, 'Die Summa des Simon von Bisignano und seine Glossen', ZRG Kan. Abt. 15 (1926) 352. C. Lefebvre, 'Guillaume de Foresta', DDC 5 (1953) 1075.

Guillelmus Naso, a pupil of Alanus Anglicus, became professor of canon law at Bologna around 1227. He wrote distinctiones and a commentary on the Decretales Gregorii.

TEXTS:1. Lectura in Decretales MANUSCRIPT: Vienna, ÖNB lat. 2083, fol. 45-71v; Oxford, Bodl. lat. th. b. 4 (selected passages); Monza, Bibl. Capit. k.10/162, fol 95rb-96rb (beginning only).

2. Opuscula MANUSCRIPT: Monte Cassino 136, pp. 209-10, 261.

3. Quaestiones (following the Quaestiones Berolinensis) MANUSCRIPT: Berlin, Staatsbibl. Preus. Kulturbesitz MS lat., fol. 249, fol. 71va-b.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 336 n.36; idem, 'The Glossa ordinaria to the Gregorian Decretals', EHR 60 (1945) 97-105, at 103-05, and Retractiones to this article in, idem, Studies in the history of medieval canon law (Variorum 1990) 19-20; idem, 'Some unrecorded quaestiones', Traditio 13 (1957) 507. G. Oesterlé, 'Guillaume Naso', DDC 5 (1953) 1079; Schulte, QL II 78-80; R. Trifone, 'Gli scritti di Guglielmo Nasone', RSDI 2 (1929) 242-45.

Guillelmus Papiensis, appears as professor of canon law in a Bolognese document of 1233. In 1256, he became bishop of Pavia.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 174.

Guillelmus de Petra lata (Pierrelatte), a monk from the Provence, studied canon law at Bologna since ca. 1292. He became a professor there in 1297, but left the city in the same year, following the call of his monastery.

TEXTS: Quaestiones MANUSCRIPTS: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 48; Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 853.

LITERATURE: C. Lefebvre, 'Guillaume de Petra Lata', DDC 5 (1953) 1080; Schulte, QL II 166-67.

Guillelmus Proredo de Drokeda (see Wiliam of Drogheda)

Guillelmus Redonensis (fl. 1240-45), an otherwise unknown Dominican who wrote an apparatus on the Summa de casibus of Raymundus de Peñafort. His commentary was transmitted alongside Raymond's work in most of the manuscripts and early editions and enjoyed an almost equal authority during the later Middle Ages.

TEXTS: Apparatus on Summa de casibus EDITION: Together with the Summa, ed. Rome 1603, 1715, wrongly attributed to Johannes of Freiburg. MANUSCRIPTS: Alencon, Bibl. Munic. 140; Angers, Bibl. Munic. 219 (separate text); Arras, Bibl. Munic. 122; Berlin, Staatsbibl. lat. oct. N.92; Clermont Ferrand, Bibl. Munic. 91; Erlangen, Universitätsbibl. 523; Fulda, Landesbibl. D.12; Göttingen, Universitätsbibl. C.m.j.163; Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 1009 and 1014 (separate); Melk, Stiftsbibl. B.78; Munich, Clm 5943, lat. 8219, lat. 8884; Prague, Universitätsbibl. III.F.15; Tours, Bibl. Munic. 368; Troyes, Bibl. Munic. 1710 and 1863; Vienna, ÖNB lat. 1372; Wroclaw, Univ. II.F.111 and 112.

LITERATURE: P. Michaud-Quantin, Sommes de casuistique et manuels de confession au moyen âge (XII-XVI siècles) (Louvain - Lille - Montreal 1962) 40-41; R. Naz, 'Guillaume de Rennes', DDC 5 (1953) 1080. K. Pennington, 'A "consilium" of Johannes Teutonicus', Traditio 26 (1970) 438; Schulte, QL II 413-14; R. Weigand, 'Mitteilungen aus Handschriften', Traditio 16 (1961) 562.

Guillelmus Vasco (see Willielmus Vasco)

Gutolf of Heiligenkreuz (fl.1265-93), a Cistercian who is better remembered as a preacher amd grammarian, also composed a treatise on procedure for the use of his fellow monks.

TEXT: Tractatus de ordine iudiciario EDITION: A. Schönbach, SB Vienna 150 (1905) 113-28; MANUSCRIPTS: Lilienfeld, Stiftsbibl. 137, fol. 168v-172; Vienna, ÖNB lat. 1737, fol. 72-90.

LITERATURE: A. Schönbach, 'Über Gutolf von Heiligenkreuz', SB Vienna 150.2 (1905). W. Stelzer, 'Österreichische Kanonisten des 13. Jahrhunderts', ÖAKR 30 (1979) 71-73; idem, 'Gutolf von Heiligenkreuz', Verfasserlexikon 3 (1981) 338-46. idem, Gelehrtes Recht in Österreich. Von den Anfängen bis zum frühen 14. Jh. MIÖG - Erg.Bd. 26 (Vienna 1982) 136-40.

Henricus, appears as a doctor decretorum in a Bolognese questio of 1273.

TEXT: Questio, MANUSCRIPTS: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 48; Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 853.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 162-63.

Henricus de Gandavo, the Parisisan theologian, also wrote a penitential work. He died in 1295.

TEXT: De penitentia

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 418-19.

Henry of Barbeu, a Franciscan who wrote an apparatus to the Summa of Henry of Merseburg, c.1260.

TEXTS: Apparatus in Summam Henrici Merseburgensis, MANUSCRIPTS:

LITERATURE: B. Kurtscheid, 'De studio iuris canonici in Ordine Fratrum Minorum saeculo XIII,' Antonianum 2 (1914) 157-202, at 164-68, 193-97.

Henry of Merseburg, a Franciscan, composed a Summa on the Decretales Gregorii IX (ca.1242).

LITERATURE: B. Kurtscheid, 'Henricus von Merseburg, ein Kanonist des XIII. Jahrhunderts', Franziskanische Studien 1 (1914) 269-90; idem, 'De studio iuris canonici in Ordine Fratrum Minorum saeculo XII', Antonianum 2 (1927) 157-202.

Henry of Susa (Hostiensis), one of the most eminent of the thirteenth-century decretalists who combined his accomplishments as a jurist with an equally successful ecclesiastical career. Born around 1200, he studied law at Bologna in the 1220's, at about the same time when Sinibaldo dei Fieschi, the future pope Innocent IV (1241-54), began his training as a lawyer there. It remains uncertain whether Hostiensis ever taught in Italy. By 1239, he was apparently archdeacon of Paris and may have taught on the Gregorian decretals, whereas other sources relate his long stay in England (1236?-44) as a member of the household of Queen Eleanor. Simultaneously, his relationship to the the papacy grew very close, whence Henry soon served as Pope Innocent's chaplain. He received the bishopric of Sisteron in 1243-1244, and later became archbishop of Embrun (1250-61). The pope repeatedly employed him in diplomatic missions. His efforts were finally rewarded with the cardinalate, which Pope Urban IV bestowed upon him in 1262, in form of the bishopric of Ostia whence he was later called Hostiensis. He participated in the protracted conclave at Viterbo (1268-70), but illness forced him to leave before the final election took place. When he died in the Dominican convent at Lyons (1271), he had just completed the second version of his Lectura on the Decretales Gregorii noni. Among his earlier works, the Summa on the Decretals of Gregory IX, completed ca. 1253, was even more celebrated. Since the early days of printing, this work came to circulate with the epithet aurea (first in ed. Rome 1477). Henry also published a Lectura on the first two collections of Novelle promulgated by Innocent IV (1245/46), to which he added several later decretals (before Sept. 1253).

TEXTS:1. Summa EDITIONS: All incunabula (Hain 8959-8966) as well as the later editions, e.g. Lyons 1537 (repr. Aalen 1962); Venice 1574 (repr. Torino 1963) present the latest stage of the Summa's textual development, which inserted the Quaestio (below n.5) under the title De sententia excommunicationis; MANUSCRIPTS: Earliest version (without Quaestio (see below n.5) being attached or inserted): Munich, Clm 14006; Munich, Clm 15707; Paris, Ste. Geneviève 328. Second version (with Quaestio at the end): cf. the list provided by M. Bertram, BMCL 16 (1986) 96-97. Third version (with Quaestio inserted): Munich, Clm 24.

2. Lectura on the Novellae I-II of Innocent IV EDITIONS: Strasbourg 1512 (after the Lectura on the Decretals of Gregory IX); Paris 1512; Venice 1581 (reprint 1965, much less reliable than Strasbourg and Paris 1512). MANUSCRIPTS: listed by M. Bertram, ZRG Kan. Abt. 75 (1989) 188-189.

3. Lectura on the Decretales Gregorii noni EDITIONS: Lectura sive apparatus domini Hostiensis super quinque libris decretalium (Strasbourg 1512: second recension); Paris 1512, from which is derived Venice 1581 (reprint Torino 1965: second recension; both are less reliable than Strasbourg 1512). MANUSCRIPTS: First recension (ca. 1254-65): Oxford, New College 205, fol. 2r-241r. Second recension: see the list of M. Bertram, ZRG Kan. Abt. 75 (1989) 182-186.

4. Decretum electionis (after 1253) MANUSCRIPT: Munich, Clm 4111, fol. 40r-45v. Andreas Thier and Giulietta Voltolina have located the tract in the following manuscripts:  Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek 2238, fol. 1a-9b; Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, 2209, fol. 50a-54a, col. 1 in pr.; Munich, Clm 9662, fol. 1a-5a, col. 1.  Sankt Florian, Stiftsbibliothek XI.79 fol. 147r-151r

5. Quaestio, written by Hostiensis while he was at the Roman curia, upon a request from the University of Bologna (after 1261). EDITION: K. Pennington, BMCL 16 (1986) 94-96.

LITERATURE: M. Bertram, 'Handschriften der Summe Hostiensis mit der "Quaestio" am Ende', BMCL 16 (1986) 96-97; idem, 'Handschriften und Drucke des Dekretalenkommentars (sog. Lectura) des Hostiensis', ZRG Kan. Abt. 75 (1989) 177-201. N. Didier, 'Henri de Suse en Angleterre (1236?-1244)', Studi in onore di Vincenzo Arangio-Ruiz (1953) 333; idem, 'Henri de Suse in évêque de Sisteron (1244-50)', RHD 31 4th series (1953) 409; idem, 'Henri de Suse, prieur d'Antibes, prevôt de Grasse (1235?-1244)', SG 2 (1954). C. Gallagher, Canon law and the Christian community: The role of law in the Summa aurea of Cardinal Hostiensis (Analecta Gregoriana 208; Rome 1978). C. Lefebvre, 'Hostiensis', DDC 5 (1953) 1211-27. K. Pennington, 'A "Quaestio" of Henricus de Segusio and the textual tradition of his "Summa super decretalibus",' BMCL 16 (1986) 91-97; idem, 'An earlier recension of Hostienis's Lectura on the Decretals', BMCL 17 (1987) 77-90; idem, DBI. Schulte QL II 123-29; E. Vodola, 'Hostiensis', DMA 6 (1985) 298-99; A. von Wretschko, 'Ein Traktat des Kardinals Hostiensis mit Glossen betreffend die Abfassung von Wahldekreten bei der Bischofswahl', Deutsche Zeitschrift für Kirchenrecht 17 (1907) 73-88.    Ken Pennington, "Enrico da Susa, detto l'Ostiense (Hostiensis, Henricus de Segusio o Segusia)," Dizionario biografico degli Italiani 42 (Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, 1993) 758-763 and in English "Henricus de Segusio (Hostiensis)", Popes, Canonists, and Texts 1150-1550 (Collected Studies Series 412; Aldershot: Variorum, 1993) article XVI;  Giuliano Brugnotto, L’"aequitas canonica": Studio e analisi del concetto negli scritti di Enrico da Susa (Cardinal Ostiense) (Tesi gregoriana, Serie diritto canonico 40; Roma : Pontificia università gregoriana, 1999).

Hermannus, a name attributed to the canonist Cardinalis by Rudolf Weigand who now agrees with André Gouron that Cardinalis was Raymond des Arènes (see Cardinalis).

Hoc dicit quod spiritus sanctus, the opening words of an anonymous apparatus on the Constitutions of Lyons II, completed most likely at the Roman curia, before the end of 1275.

MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, BN lat. 14328, fol. 1ra-8vb.

LITERATURE: M. Bertram, 'Zur wissenschaftlichen Bearbeitung der Konstitutionen Gregors X.', QF 53 (1973) 459-67; idem, Francia 2 (1974) 216; L. Boyle, 'The Date of the Commentary of William Duranti on the Constitutions of the Second Council of Lyons', BMCL 4 (1974) 39-47; E. Fournier, Questions d'histoire du droit canonique (Paris 1936) 9-12.

Honorius III, Pope (1216-1226), commissioned Tancred, then the leading canonist at Bologna, to compile a collection of his decretals. This became the Compilatio quinta, the last of the Compilationes antiquae. Known especially for the decretal Super speculam, which restricted the study of Roman law among clerics. Like a number of very long decretals, Super speculam circulated as a separate text.

TEXTS:1. See Compilatio quinta

2. Super Speculam MANUSCRIPTS: A. appended to Compilatio quarta: Rouen 706, fol. 298v; Cordoba 10, fol. 305va-306va; Beaune 19, fol. 295v (shortened); Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 19, fol. 77va-78vb (shortened); Florenze, Laurenz. S. Croce V sin.4 (shortened); Paris, B.N. lat. 14321, fol. 241; B. appended to Compilatio tertia: Lisbon, Alcob. 381, fol. 224 (shortened); C. appended to the Constitutiones concilii Lateranensis quarti: Vienna, ÖNB 2183, fol. 106-108 (5 Comp. 5.2.1, X 5.5.5, X 3.50.10, and X 5.33.28)

LITERATURE: L. Boyle, 'The Compilatio quinta and the registers of Honorius III', BMCL 8 (1978) 9-19. S. Kuttner, Repertorium 382; idem, 'Papst Honorius III und das Studium des Zivilrechts', Festschrift für Martin Wolf (Tübingen 1951) 79-101; idem, 'Retractationes X', Gratian and the Schools of law 1140-1234 (London 1983) 43-47. E. Pitz, Papstreskript und Kaiserreskript im Mittelalter (Bibl. des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom 36; Tübingen 1971) 171-91. W. Ullmann, 'Honorius III and the prohibition of legal studies', Juridical Review 60 (1948) 177-86.

Honorius, Magister, may be the Honorius who received a benefice at Willesborough through a letter of Lucius III in 1184 or 1185. Honorius probably spent the years 1185-95 at Paris studying and perhaps teaching law, although he did witness a charter in England in 1192. H. wrote the Summa 'De iure canonico tractaturus' at Paris very close to 1188 and the Summa quaestionum soon therafter. From 1195, Honorius was in the service of the Archbishop of York. H. also served the King in the dispute over the election of Hubert Walter's successor as Archbishop of Canterbury. Honorius was imprisoned in 1208 for unknown reasons and not, as had been thought, for failure to pay 300 marks owed to the crown for letters of protection. He died in prison by 1213.

TEXTS:1. Summa 'De iure canonico tractaturus'

MANUSCRIPT: Laon, Bibl. de la Ville 371, fol. 83r-170v.

EDITION: Weigand, Rudolf, Landau, Peter, and Kozur, Waltraud, adlaborantibus Stefan Häring, Karin Miethaner-Vent, and Martin Petzolt. Magistri Honorii Summa ‘De iure canonico tractaturus, 1. Monumenta iuris canonici, Series A, 5. 3 volumes Citt del Vaticano, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 2004-2010.

2. Summa decretalium quaestionum EDITION: Portions of this work bearing on marriage doctrine (i.e the third and final part) have been edited and published by Benno Grimm, Die Ehelehre des Magister Honorius: Ein Beitrag zur Ehelehre der anglo-normannischen Schule, SG 24 (1989) 231-387. Grimm has used all the manuscripts except Königsberg, which is still lost; MANUSCRIPTS: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 45, fol. 23-39; Douai, Bibl. de la Ville 640, fol. 1-42a; Königsberg, Universitätsbibl. 21, fol. 44-75; Laon, Bibl. de la Ville 371(bis), fol. 171-176v; Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 984, fol. 90-110; Paris, B.N. lat. 14591, fol. 50-83ra; Zwettl 162, fol. 179-213.

LITERATURE: B. Grimm, Die Ehelehre des Magister Honorius: Ein Beitrag zur Ehelehre der anglo-normannischen Schule, SG 24 (1989). S. Kuttner, and E. Rathbone, 'Anglo Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949-51) 304-310; S. Kuttner, 'Retractationes VII', Gratian and the Schools (London 1983) 31. R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I(Munich 1963) 189-97; idem, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 201-203; idem, 'Bemerkungen über die Schriften und Lehren des Magister Honorius', Proceedings Salamanca (MIC C-6; Vatican City 1980) 195-212: excerpts from both Summae 206-212.

Hostiensis (see Henry of Susa)

Hubaldus, Magister, this cardinal priest of SS. John and Paul (c.1149) was once identified with the twelfth century canonist Cardinalis by Rudolf Weigand. But this has recently been disproven and he has agreed with Gouron that Cardinalis was Raymond des Arènes (see Cardinalis).

Huguccio (Hugo, Uguccione; not to be confused with the grammarian, Huguccio of Pisa), fl. 1180-1210, Bolognese decretist and author of one of the most influential Summae on Gratian's Decretum (ca. 1188-1190). The first signs of his teaching appear in decretist commentaries and glosses of the 1180's, such as the apparatus Ordinaturus Magister(1180-1190) and the Summa Casinensis. There are strong indications that Huguccio completed the work in intermittent stages, putting off the writing of the sections on Causa 1 (stage II), De consecratione (stage III), and De penitentia (stage IV), until he had finished the rest (stage I). On 1 May, 1190, Huguccio became bishop of Ferrara, whereupon he seems to have abandoned the completion of his commentary, leaving the portion on C.23 q.4 c.34 - C.26 (stage V) unfinished. Huguccio died after 'twenty years less one day' in office, on 30 April 1210.

Prior to composing his great Summa, Huguccio had composed a minor exegetical treatise on the Apostolic Creed (Expositio de symbolo apostolorum), as well as a work containing etymological explanations on the names of saints, called Hagiographia. Both texts reveal Huguccio's great interest in etymologies. This may suggest his identity with the Bolognese grammarian Huguccio of Pisa, who during the 1160's wrote the Derivationes, a widely used and comprehensive Latin etymological dictionary. The lexicographer also produced minor grammatical writings, which most likely included a Summa artis grammatice. The title and contents of this Summa, as well as some of the sources used by the Derivationes, point towards a strong French intellectual background of the grammarian Huguccio and a close acquaintance with the writings of French teachers such as William of Conches, Petrus Helias, and Robert of Paris (in the 1150's ?). These chronological and other considerations speak against an identification of the canonist with the grammarian.

TEXTS:

1. Summa decretorum (1188-90)

MANUSCRIPTS: A) Complete: Admont, Stiftsbibl. 7, fol. 2ra-324ra, 335ra-500rb (De pen. ends at D.5 c.1 s.v. fructus); Florence, Bibl. Laurenziana Fesul. 125, fol. 1ra-388v (Fesul. 125 includes the Prologue to C.13 q.2 c.12) and Fesul. 126, fol. 1ra-109rb, 127ra-369va; Florence, Bibl. Laurenziana Plut. I sin.4, fol. 1r-283v, 295r-417r; Lons-Le-Saunier, Archive Dep. 12 F.16, fol. 2ra-313ra, 325rb-483vb; Madrid, Bibl. Nac. lat. 11962, fol. 2ra-231r, 250r-369vb; Paris, B.N. lat. 3892, fol. 1ra-272ra, 281va-400vb; Tarazona, Cath. 151 (3); Vatican City, Bibl. Apost. lat. 2280, fol. 1ra-248rb, 256ra-370vb; Verona, Archivio Capitolare CXCIV. B. Incomplete: i. one stage only: Calahorra, Cath. 8 (stage I); Klosterneuberg, Stiftsbibl. 295, fol. 110r-238v (stage III); Luxemburg, Bibl. Munic. 144, fol. 1ra-147va, 160ra-329rb, 342ra-423vb (stage I); Munich, Clm 10247, fol. 1ra-280ra (stage I); Salamanca, Univ. 1930 (Stage I, beginning at C.2); Vatican City, Archivio S. Pietro C.114 (stage I, breaks at ending at C.35 q.8 c.1). ii. two stages: Fulda, Landesbibl. D.22, fol. 3r-291r (stages I and II); Paris, B.N. lat. 3891, fol. 1r-320v (stages I and III). iii. three stages: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 40, fol. 1ra-279vb (stages I, II and III); Can.41, fol. 1r-125v, 135r-309r, 325r-477v (stages I, III and IV); Klagenfurt, Bischöfl. Bibl. XXIX a.3, fol. 1ra-313vb (stages I, II and III); Klosterneuberg, Stifstbibl. 89, fol. 1r-386v (stages I, II and III); Lincoln, Cathedral Chapter 2, fol. 2r-307r (stages I [prologue and D.1-101 only], III and IV); Paris, B.N. lat. 15396-97, fol. 2ra-99vb, 108ra-191vb (MS lat. 15396 ending after C.13), fol. 3ra-46vb, 59ra-171va (stages I, III and IV). iv. four stages: Cambrai, Bibl. Municip. 612 (stages I-IV); Leningrad, Public Libr. lat. fol. II vel. 10 (stages I-IV); Rouen, Bibl. Munic. 749 (stages I, II, IV, V); Tarazona, Cath. 97 (stages I-IV); Vatican City, Vat. Borgh. lat. 272, fol. 1r-143r, 154r-232r (stages I-IV). v. fragments: Assisi, Bibl. Commun. 213 (portion I, ending at C.17 q.2 c.1); Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 42, fol. 1ra-8vb (C.27 - C.27 q.2 c.21); Barcelona, Univ. Libr. 504 (portions I [D.1 c.4 - C.16 q.1] and II); Bernkastel-Kues, Sankt-Nikolaus-Hospital, Cusanus-Stiftsbibl. 228, fol. 45ra-110vb (portions I [C.2 - C.2 q.3 p.c.8 only], II [begins C.1 q.1 c.1], IV [De pen. D.1 c.13 -D.7 c.6]; Cambridge, Pembroke Coll. 72, fol. 116r-159v (portion I, ending at D.54 p.c.21); Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 985, fol. 9r-233v (portion I, C.2-22 only); Marburg, Universitätsbibl. 83, fol., fol.105r-246v (portion I, ending at C.11 q.3 c.62); Munich, Clm 28193, fol. 126v (fragment of prologue only); Paris, B.N. lat. 3918, fol. 1r-54vb (D.1 - D.50 c.17, C.2 - C.6 q.1 c.22, C.16 q.3 c.4 -C.22); Parma, Bibl. Pal. 1222 (portion I, ending at C.15 q.8); Vatican City, Vat. lat. 2491, fol. 1ra-36va (portion I, ends at D.25 p.c.3; marginal gloss); Vienna, Nat. Bibl. 2061, fol. 1ra-172vb (C.2 - C.11 q.1 c.39; intercapitular gloss); Volterra, Bibl. Guarn. 6370, fol. 1r-100r (portion I, D.1 - D.21 c.2, C.2 q.7 c.41 - C.3 q.7 c.18, C.27-36); Worcester, Cath. Libr. F.12 (portions I [beginning at C.11 q.3 c.97], III-IV).

EDITION: Summa decretorum, 1: Distinctiones I-XX, ed. Oldřich Přerovský. Monumenta iuris canonici, Series A, 6. Citt del Vaticano: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 2006.

2. Agiographia (before 1190) EDITION: G. Cremascoli, Uguccione da Pisa: Liber de dubio accentu. Agiographia. Expositio de symbolo apostolorum (Biblioteca degli Studi Medievali 10; Spoleto 1978) 137-74 (on the basis of the two known manuscripts: Paris, B.N. lat. 14877, fol. 124r-129v, and Venice, Bibil. Marc. XIII.16, fol. 197v-199r: cf. W. P. Müller, Viator 22 [1991] 140-48).

3. Expositio de symbolo apostolorum (before 1190) EDITION: N. M. Häring,'Zwei Kommentare von Huguccio, Bischof von Ferrara', SG 19 (1976) 365-98. G. Cremascoli, Uguccione da Pisa 227-55. Both editions have used the two extant manuscripts, Bologna, Univ. Libr. 2633, fol. 1r-4v and Vatican City, Vat. lat. 819, fol. 184r-189r. Cremascoli further collated the editio princepsby C. G. Trombelli, Bedae et Claudii Taurinensis itemque aliorum veterum patrum opuscula(Bologna 1755) 207-223.

4. Expositio dominice orationis (?) EDITION: N. M Häring, 'Zwei Kommentare' 398-416. The treatise is appended to the Expositio de symbolo apostolorum in MS Vatican City, Vat. lat. 819, fol. 198r-201v, whence Häring concluded that it was also a Huguccionian work. The attribution remains very doubtful.

5. Derivationes (ca.1161, W. P. Müller has proven that Huguccio did not write this tract; a certain Huguccio of Pisa did)

MANUSCRIPTS: Cf. A. Marigo, I codici manoscritti delle 'Derivationes' di Uguccione Pisano(Rome 1936) XIII-XIV and 1-29. G. L. Bursill-Hall, A Census of Medieval Latin Grammatical Manuscripts (Stuttgart 1981) passim.

EDITION: (Prologue only): A. Marigo, 'De Huguccionis Pisani Derivationum latinitate earumque prologo', Archivum Romanicum 11 (1927) 101-106; Derivationes, ed. Enzo Cecchini e di Guido Arbizzoni. 2 volumes. Edizione nazionale dei testi mediolatini 11. Serie 1.6.  Tavarnuzze (Firenze): SISMEL edizioni del Galluzzo, 2004.

6. De dubio accentu (before 1161, by the author of the Derivationes), EDITION: G. Cremascoli, Uguccione da Pisa 65-87; MANUSCRIPTS: To Cremascoli's 11 manuscripts, add the four copies indicated by O. Limone, 'Il "Liber de dubio accentu" (Cod. Ambr. E 12 inf.) falsamente attribuito ad Uguccione da Pisa", Studi Medievali 25 (1984) 320 n.18.

7. Rosarium (before 1161, by the author of the Derivationes) EDITION: none; MANUSCRIPTS: G. L. Bursill-Hall, A Census 349.

8. Summa artis grammatice (ca. 1160-70, probably by the author of the Derivationes) EDITION: none; MANUSCRIPTS: Munich, Clm 18908, fol. 1-32.

LITERATURE: G. Catalano, 'Contributo alla biografia di Uguccione Pisano', Il diritto ecclesiastico65 (1954) 3-67. F. Gastaldelli, 'Le Sententiae di Pietro Lombardo e l'Epositio de symbolo apostolorum di Uguccione da Pisa', Salesianum 39 (1977) 318-21. F. Gillmann, 'Die Abfassungszeit der Dekretsumme Huguccios', AKKR 94 (1914) 233-51. H. Kneepkens, Het Iudicium Constructionis. Het leerstuck van de constructio in de 2de helft van de 12de eeuw (Nijmegen 1987) 1:139-43. S. Kuttner, Repertorium 151-55; idem, Traditio 11 (1955) 441-444. F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 114-25; C. Leonardi, 'La vita e l'opera di Uguccione da Pisa decretista', Studia Gratiana 4 (1956) 39-120. W.P. Müller, 'Huguccio of Pisa: Canonist, Bishop, and Grammarian?', Viator 22 (1991) 121-52. L. Prosdocimi, 'La "Summa Decretorum" di Uguccione da Pisa: Studi preliminari per una edizione critica', SG 3 (1955) 349-74; idem, 'I manoscritti della "Summa Decretorum" di Uguccione da Pisa', SG 7 (1959) 251-72; A. Stickler, 'Uguccio de Pise', DDC 7 (1965) 1356-62; idem, 'Huguccio (Hugh) of Pisa', NCE 5 (1967) 200-201. R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I (Munich 1963) 203-18; idem, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus(Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 215-223; K. Pennington, 'Huguccio', LMA 5 (1990) 181-82;  Wolfgang Peter Müller, Huguccio: The Life, Works, and Thought of a Twelfth-Century Jurist. Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Canon Law, 3. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 1994. Wolfgang Peter Müller, 'The Summa decretorum of Huguccio,' The History of Canon Law in the Classical Period, 1140-1234: From Gratian to the Decretals of Pope Gregory IX. History of Medieval Canon Law; Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2008: 142-160.

Huguccio Vercellensis (da Borromei), born at Vercelli, Huguccio was a canon of St. Peter at Bologna and taught canon law and perhaps also Roman law there during the 1280's. He later became a papal auditor and finally bishop of Novara in 1304. Four quaestiones survive from his days as a teacher. Huguccio died in 1328.

TEXTS: Quaestiones EDITION: Four quaestiones have been edited by Briacca, pp. 71-84; MANUSCRIPTS: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 48, fol. 240v-241r; Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 853, fol. 165v-166r.

LITERATURE: P. Bartolini, 'Borromeo, Uguccione', DBI 13 (1971) 66-71. G. Briacca, 'Le "questiones disputatae" di Uguccione Borromei', BMCL 7 (1977) 65-84. R. Naz, 'Huguccio (Borromeo)', DDC 5 (1953) 1228. Schulte, QL II 163.

In primis hominibus fuit coniugium, (see under Marriage tract:)
 
 
In quibusdam libris, a gloss apparatus on Compilatio I.

AUTHOR: unknown (from the school of Petrus Brito?).

DATE/PLACE: France, ca.1205-10.

EDITION: None.

MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, B.N. lat. 15398, fol. 204-279;

LITERATURE: G. Dolezalek, 'Another fragment of the Apparatus 'Militant siqiudem patroni' BMCL 5 (1975) 131 n.5, 132 n.13. S. Kuttner, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 317 n.54. F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici nel pensiero canonistico classico (Milan 1971) 278-280. R. Weigand, 'Neue Mitteilungen aus Handschriften', Traditio 21 (1965) 489 n.33; idem, 'Glossenapparat zur Compilatio prima aus der Schule des Petrus Brito in St. Omer 107', Traditio 26 (1970) 449-57.
 
 
 
 
 
 

Innocent III, Pope (1198-1216) Lothario di Segni (born c.1161), Pope who exerted a great influence on the development of the medieval papacy and the canon law. Once reputed to have been a lawyer taught by the great canonist Huguccio, the work of Pennington and others strongly suggests that, whatever his legal talents, Innocent III was not a university-trained jurist by the standards of the time. Innocent studied theology in Paris and probably studied law for a short time at Bologna.

Innocent had a celestial image of the papacy as the intermediary between God and man. This image is best understood as theological rather than juristic, nevertheless, in the language of Innocent's sermons and decretal letters, he established the language and arguments with which jurists discussed the power and role of the papacy for more than a century.

Innocent III also effected important changes in the administration of the Church. The curia was greatly expanded during his pontificate, and the papacy began to gain control over the translation, deposition and renunciation of bishops and the collation of ecclesiastical benefices. Even though Innocent asserted, in the decretal Quanto personam, that the translation of a bishop was such a serious and extraordinary matter that it required divine authority, he translated many more bishops than any previous pope. Innocent asserted more control over prebends and, in the Fourth Lateran Council constitution De multa, the power of bishops to dispense from the prohibitions against pluralism was curtailed.

Innocent also asserted and defined (broadly) papal power to interfere in secular affairs in a series of decretals, Licet, Novit, Solet, Venerabilem, and Per Venerabilem.

Innocent's decretals, which effected tremendous changes in many areas of canon law, were collected by several canonists; Petrus Beneventanus's Compilatio tertia which Innocent himself authenticated for the law school at Bologna, and Johannes Teutonicus's Compilatio quarta were the most important.

TEXTS: See Alanus (Compilatio Alani), Bernardus Compostellanus antiquus (Compilatio Romana), Gilbertus (Compilatio Gilberti), Rainier of Pomposa (Collectio Ranierii), Compilatio tertia, and Compilatio quarta.   The papal registers listed under literature immediately below.

LITERATURE: L. Buisson, 'Exempla und Tradition bei Innocenz III', Adel und Kirche: Gerd Tellenbach zum 65.Geburtstag ... (Freiburg/Basel/Vienna 1968) 458-76. C. Cheney, Innocent III and England (Päpste and Papsttum 9; Stuttgart 1976); idem and W.H. Semple edd. Selected letters of Pope Innocent III concerning England (London 1953). C. Cheney and M. Cheney, The letters of Pope Innocent III (1198-1216) Concerning England (Oxford 1967). O. Hageneder, 'Über das Priuilegium Fori bei Innocenz III.', Collectanea Stephan Kuttner I (SG 11 1967) 447-60; idem, 'Mandatum und Praeceptum im politischen Handeln Papst Innocenz' III.', Proceedings Berkeley(MIC C,7; Vatican City 1985) 377-90. W. Imkamp, Das Kirchenbild Innocenz III (1198-1216)(Päpste und Papsttum 22: Stuttgart 1983). Innocent III, Opera Omnia, ed. J.P. Migne, PL 214-217.

Die Register Innocenz' III, 1. Pontifikatsjahr 1198/99, O. Hageneder, A. Haidacher edd. (Publikationen der Abteilung für Historische Studien des Österreichischen Kulturinstituts in Rom, II. Abteilung, I. Reihe, Band 1; Graz/Köln/Vienna 1964);

Die Register Innocenz' III, 2. Pontifiktsjahr 1199-1200, O. Hageneder, W. Maleczek and A. Strand, edd. (Publikationen der Abteilung für Historische Studien des Österreichischen Kulturinstituts in Rom, II. Abteilung, I. Reihe, Band 2; Graz/Köln/Vienna 1979).

Innocent III, Pope. Die Register Innocenz' III. 5: 5. Pontifikatsjahr, 1202/1203, Texte. Ed. Othmar Hageneder, with the collaboration of Christoph Egger, Karl Rudolf, and Andrea Sommerlechner (Publikationen des Historischen Instituts beim Österreichischen Kulturinstitut in Rom. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1993).

Innocent III, Pope. Die Register Innocenz' III. 5: 5. Pontifikatsjahr, 1202/1203, Indices. Ed. Andrea Sommerlechner with Christoph Egger and Herwig Weigl (Publikationen des Historischen Instituts beim Österreichischen Kulturinstitut in Rom. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1994).

Innocent III, Pope. Die Register Innocenz' III. 6: 6. Pontifikatsjahr, 1202/1203, Texte und Indices. Ed. Othmar Hageneder, John C. Moore and Andrea Sommerlechner, with the collaboration of Christoph Egger and Herwig Weigl (Publikationen des Historischen Instituts beim Österreichischen Kulturinstitut in Rom. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1995).

Innocent III, Pope. Die Register Innocenz' III. 7: 7. Pontifikatsjahr, 1204/1205, Texte und Indices. Ed. Othmar Hageneder, Andrea Sommerlechner, with the collaboration of Christoph Egger and Rainer Murauer (Publikationen des Historischen Instituts beim Österreichischen Kulturinstitut in Rom. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1997).

Innocent III, Pope. Die Register Innocenz' III. 8: 8. Pontifikatsjahr, 1205/1206, Texte und Indices. Ed. Othmar Hageneder, Andrea Sommerlechner, with the collaboration of Christoph Egger and Rainer Murauer. Publikationen des Historischen Instituts beim Österreichischen Kulturinstitut in Rom. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2001.

F. Kempf, Die Register Innocenz III: Eine paläographisch- diplomatische Untersuchung(MHP 9; Rome 1945); idem, Papsttum und Kaisertum bei Innocenz III (MHP 19; Rome 1954); idem, 'Innocenz III. und der deutschen Thronstreit', AHP 23 (1985) 68-91. S. Kuttner, 'Universal pope or the servant of God's servants: The canonists, papal titles, and Innocent III', RDC 31 (1981) 110-49. P. Landau, 'Papst Innocenz III. in der richterlichen Praxis. Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Kooperationsmaxime', Festschrift für Rudolf Wasserman (Darmstadt: 1985) 727-33. M. Laufs, Politik und Recht bei Innocenz III (Kölner Historische Abhandlungen 26; Köln/Vienna 1980). M. Maccarone, Chiesa e Stato nella Dottrina di Papa Innocenzo III (Lateranum, Nova series An. VI nn.3-4; Rome 1940); idem, Studi su Innocenzo III (Rome 1972). W. Malaczek, Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216 (Publikationen des Historischen Instituts beim Österreichischen Kulturinstitut in Rom, I. Abteilung, Abhandlungen 6; Vienna 1984); idem, 'Innocenz III.', LMA 4 (1989) 434-37. John C. Moore, 'Peter of Lucedo (Cistercian Patriarch of Antioch) and Pope Innocent III', RHM 29 (1987) 221-49. K. Pennington, 'The legal education of Pope Innocent III', BMCL 4 (1974) 70-77; idem, 'Pope Innocent III's views on Church and State: A gloss to "Per venerabilem",' Law, church and society: Essays in honor of Stephan Kuttner (The Middle Ages; Philadelphia 1977) 46-67; idem, '"Cum causam que": a decretal of Pope Innocent III', BMCL 7 (1977) 100-03; idem, Pope and bishops: The papal monarchy in the thirteenth century (The Middle Ages; Philadelphia 1984); idem, Review of W. Imkamp, Das Kirchenbild Innocenz' III. (1198-1216), ZRG Kan. Abt. 72 (1986) 417-28. J. Michael Rainer, 'Innocenz III. und das römische Recht', RHM 25 (1983) 15-33. K. Schatz, 'Papsttum und Partikularkirchliche Gewalt bei Innocenz III. (1198-1216)', AHP 8 (1970) 61-111. B. Tierney, '"Tria quippe distinguit iudicia..." A note on Innocent III's decretal Per venerabilem', Speculum 38 (1962) 48-59. H. Tillmann, Papst Innocenz III (Bonn 1954) [English trans. by Walter Sax, Pope Innocent III (Europe in the Middle Ages Selected Studies 12; Amsterdam-New York-Oxford 1980)]. J. Watt, 'The theory of the papal monarchy in the thirteenth century: The contribution of the canonists', Traditio 20 (1964) 179-318 [republished as a monograph: New York 1965]. Brigitte Meduna,  Studien zum Formular der päpstlichen Justizbriefe von Alexander III. bis Innocenz III. (1159-1216): Die non obstantibus-Formel (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, Sitzungsberichte 536. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1989).  Friedrich Kempf,  'Innocenz III. und der deutsche Thronstreit', Archivum historiae pontificiae 23 (1985) 63-91.  John C. Moore,  'Lotario Dei Conti di Segni (Pope Innocent III) in the 1180's', Archivum Historiae Pontificiae 29 (1991) 255-258. John C. Moore,  'The Sermons of Pope Innocent III', Römische Historiche Mitteilungen 36 (1994) 81-142.   Christoph Eggers,   'Dignitas und Miseria. Überlegungen zu Menschenbild und Selbstverständnis papst Innocenz’ III.' Mitteilungen des Institus für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung. 105 (1997) 330-45. Christoph  Eggers,  'Papst Innocenz III. Als Theologe: Beiträge zur Kenntnis seines Denkens im Rahmen der Frühscholastik,' Archivium Historiae Pontificiae 30, (1992) 56-123. Christoph Eggers,  'Papst Innocenz III. Und die veronica. Geschichte, theologie, liturgie und seelsorge', The Holy Face and the paradox of Representation. Papers from a Colloquium Held at the Bibliotheca Hertziana, Rome and the Villa Spelman, Florence, 1996. 6 (1996 [?]). 181-203.  Jane E. Sayers,  Innocent III: Leader of Europe 1198-1216 (The Medieval World. London-New York: Longman, 1993).   Edward Peters, 'Lotario dei Conti di Segni becomes Pope Innocent III: The Man and the Pope',  Pope Innocent II and His World. Ed John C. Moore. (Ashgate, 1999) 3-24.  Frenz, Thomas, editor. Papst Innozenz III.: Weichensteller der Geschichte Europas: Interdisziplinäre Ringvorlesung an der Universität Passau 5.11.1997 - 26.5.1998 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2000).
 
 
 
 

Innocent IV, Pope (1243-54) (Sinibaldus Fieschi, Fliscus), born in Genoa before 1200. Innocent studied law Parma and perhaps at Bologna   Some accounts say that, early in his career, Innocent taught law in Bologna, but there is not evidence. He worked as a jurist at the papal curia from 1226 and was for some time the auditor of the court of audientia litterarum contradictarum. I. was made a cardinal by Pope Gregory IX in 1227. He was elected Pope in 1243 after a long, rancorous vacancy following the brief pontificate of Celestine IV (1241). Innocent IV died on December 7, 1254 in Naples.

Innocent IV's pontificate was notable for three things: a decisive struggle with the Emperor Frederick II, the Pope's extended absence from Rome, and for his contributions to the canon law. Innocent presided over the first general council of Lyon, in which the pope deposed Frederick II in absentia, and in which a number of important canons reforming aspects of ecclesiastical law and administration were enacted.

As a jurist, Innocent IV wrote a lengthy and extremely influential Apparatus on the Decretals of Gregory IX, which he worked on over a long period of time and was finished ca. 1245. He prepared three collections of his own decretals, which included the canons of Lyons I (Novelle Innocentii quarti). Innocent also wrote commentaries on his novelle, including an authoritative commentary on the Lyon deposition decree of Frederick II (Ad apostolicae dignitatis apicem, VI 2.14.2). An Ordo iudiciarius exists which, at least in an early form, has been attributed to Innocent IV, but it seems very doubtful that he wrote such a work.   There is still not certainty whether Innocent wrote the polemical tract 'Eger cui lenia(levia)'.  William of Ockham thought that he did, but Ockham is a late witness.  Short Biography of Innocent IV

TEXTS:  1. Apparatus in quinque libros decretalium MANUSCRIPTS: Arras, Bibl. Munic. 2; Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 00 [P.I.24]; Can. 00 [P.III.23]; Berlin, Staatsbibl. fol. 210; Breslau, Universitätsbibl. II.F.46; Bologna, Collegio di Spagna, 220, fol. 3ra-283vb; Halle, Ye. fol. 56; Hildesheim, Dombibl. Nr. 1.5; Klosterneuberg, Stiftsbibl. 100; Laon 4; Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 997-999; Munich, Clm 3892; Clm 6350; Clm 15704; Paris, B.N. lat.8925; lat.8926; Prague, Universitätsbibl. VII.B.8; Troyes 1; Vatican City, Vat. Urb. lat. 157; Vat. lat. 1443; Vienna, ÖNB 2072; 2086; 2097; 2100; 2242. Early Printed Editions: Strasbourg 1477; Venice 1478; Venice 1481 (incomplete); Venice 1491; Venice 1495; Lyons 1525; Venice 1570; Frankfurt am Main 1570, reprinted Frankfurt am Main 1968.

2. Constitutiones of First Council of Lyon = Novelle Innocentii quarti (A=first collection [1245], B=second collection [1246], C=Third Collection [1253]): MANUSCRIPTS: Cambridge MA, Harvard Law Libr. 71, fol. 1-11; s'Gravenhage (The Hague), Koninklijke Bibl. 73.E.14, fol. 230r-235r (A and B combined); Oxford, Bodleian lat. th. d. 32 (incomplete).  The following manuscripts contain the Constitutiones (see Kessler, 'Wiener Novellen':  Vienna, ÖNB 2056, 2065 (cum glossis), 2073, 2181 (cum glossis), 2189 (Fragment).  Prologus Novellarum Decretalium: Vienna, ÖNB 2083

3. Ordo iudiciarius: see Linda Fowler-Magerl, Ordo iudiciorum et ordo iudiciarius (Ius Commune, Sonderheft 19; Frankfurt am Main 1984) 216-18.

LITERATURE: G. Abate, 'Lettere "secretae" d'Innocenzo IV e altri documenti una raccolta inedita del sec.xiii.', Miscellanea Franciscana 55 (1955) 317-73. A. Bernal Palacios, 'Reportios del comentario de Innocencio IV a las decretales de Gregorio IX', Escritos del Vedat 17 (1987) 143-72. M. Bertram, 'Angebliche Originale des Dekretalenapparats Innozenz' IV.', Proceedings Berkeley(MIC C, 7; Vatican City 1976) 41-47. M. Bertram, 'Gregorio IX, Innocenzo IV e Federico II: Tre legislatori a confronto', . . . colendo iustitiam et iura condendo . . . Federico III legislatore del Regno di Sicilia nell’Europa del Duecento: Per una storia comparata delle codificazione europee, ed. A. Romano (Atti di convegni, 1; Rome 1997): 11-28. M. Bertram, 'Zwei vorläufige Textstufen des Dekretalenapparats Papst Innozenz IV.' Juristische Buchproduktion im Mittelalter, ed. Vincenzo Colli (Frankfurt am Main 2001): 000-000.  F. Bock, 'Studien zu den Registern Innozenz' IV.', Archivalische Zeitschrift 52 (1956) 11-48. R. Brentano, 'Innocent IV and the chapter of Rieti', Collectanea Stephan Kuttner III (SG 13; Vatican City 1967) 383-410. J.A. Cantini, 'De autonomia judicis secularis et de Romani Pontificis plenitudine potestatis in temporalibus secundum Innocentium IV', Salesianum 23 (1961) 407-80; idem and C. Lefebvre, 'Sinibalde dei Fieschi', DDC 7 (1965) 1029-62. C. Dolcini, '"Eger cui lenia" (1245/46): Innocenzo IV, Tolomeo da Lucca e Guglielmo d'Ockham', RHCI 39 (1975) 127-48. B. Kedar, 'Canon law and the burning of the Talmud', BMCL 9 (1979) 79-82; idem, Crusade and mission: European approaches toward the muslims (Princeton N.J. 1984). J.A. Kemp, S.J., 'A new concept of the Christian commonwealth in Innocent IV', Proceedings Boston (MIC C, 1; Vatican City 1965) 155-60. P.J. Kessler, 'Untersuchungen über die Novellen-Gesetzgebung Papst Innocenz IV (I)-(III)', ZRG Kan. Abt. 31 (1942) 142-320, 32 (1943) 300-383, 33 (1944) 56-128.   P.J. Kessler, 'Wiener Novellen: Suplementum novellisticum I', SG 12 Collectanea Stephan Kuttner (1967) 91-99.  M. Bertram, 'Aus kanonistischen Handschriften der Periode 1234 bis 1298', Proceedings Toronto (MIC C, 5; Vatican City 1976) 35-36.  S. Kuttner, 'Die Konstitutionen des ersten allgemeines Konzils von Lyon', SDHI 6 (1940) 70-131. G. Le Bras, 'Innocent IV Romaniste:  Examen de l'Apparatus', Collectanea Stephan Kuttner I (SG 11; Vatican City 1967) 307-26. A. Melloni, 'William of Ockham's critique of Innocent IV', Franciscan Studies 46 (1986) 161-203; idem, Innocenzo IV: La concezione e l'esperienza della christianità come 'regimen unius persone' (Genoa 1990). J. Muldoon, 'The contribution of the medieval canon lawyers to the formation of international law', Traditio 28 (1972) 483-97; idem, 'Missionaries and the marriage of infidels: the case of the mongol mission', The Jurist 35 (1975) 125-41; idem, Popes, lawyers and infidels: the Church and the non-Christian world 1250-1550 (Philadelphia 1979). M. Pacaut, 'L'autorité pontificale selon Innocent IV', Moyen âge 66 (1960) 85-118. V. Piergiovanni, 'Sinibaldo dei Fieschi decretalista: Richerche sulla vita', Annali Genova 6.2 (1967) 415-42, and SG 14 (1970) 125-54. A. Piola, 'Innocenzo IV Fieschi Pontifice e giurista somno', Studium 3 (1955) 154-164 and reprinted in Scritti in memoria di V.E. Orlando (Padua 1957) 357-368 and again in his collection of articles Scritti di diritto ecclesiastico e canonico (Milan 1969) 101-112. B. Roberg, 'Innozenz IV.', LMA 5.437-38. J. Müller, 'Sinibaldus Fliscus', Juristen: Ein biographisches Lexikon von der Antike bis zum 20. Jahrhundert, ed. M. Stolleis (Munich 1995) 313-314.M.J. Rodriguez, 'Innocent IV and the element of fiction in juristic personalities', The Jurist 22 (1962) 287-318. A. Rota, 'Natura giuridica e forme della istituzione nella dotrinadi Sinibaldo dei Fieschi (Papa Innocenzo IV)', Archivio giuridico series 6, vol 19, fasc. 1-2 (19XX) 67-139. F. Ruffini, 'La classificazione delle persone giuridiche in Sinibaldo dei Fieschi (Innocenzo IV) ...', Scritti Scaduto II (Turin 1898). J.F. von Schulte, Die Dekretalen zwischen den 'Decretales Gregorii IX' und 'Liber VI' Boniface VIII ...(Vienna 1867). B. Tierney, 'The continuity of papal political theory in the thirteenth century', Mediaeval Studies 27 (1965) 227-45. J. Watt, 'The theory of the papal monarchy in the thirteenth century: The contribution of the canonists', Traditio 20 (1964) 179-318 [republished as a monograph (New York 1965)]. M. Zurowski, Verbrechen der Vorgesetzen und die Verantwortung der organisierten Gemeinschaft nach der Lehre des Innocentius IV.', Prawo kanoniczne 24.1-2 (1981) 255-63 [in Polish w. German summary].
 
 

Introductio ad Decretum, 'De throno Dei', the incipit of this introductio suggests that it is derived from the Summa of Johannes Faventinus.

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