Quaestio Ann Arbor

MANUSCRIPT: Ann Arbor, Univ. of Michigan 52, fol. 58v.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Traditio 2 (1944) 497 n.30; idem, `Some unrecorded Quaestiones', Traditio 13 (1957) 507.

Quaestio Norimbergensis, a decretist questio once citing the civilian Hugolinus; hence early 13th century? Inc.: Monachi nigri habebant quendam prioratum ...

MANUSCRIPT: Nürnberg, Stadtbibl. Cent. V 95, fol. 105-109.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 254.

Quaestiones Andegavenses, the title of a decretist collection analysed by Gerard Fransen in 1965. Stephan Kuttner's Repertorium lists another text from Angers under the same name, but it later turned out to be a fragment of Robert of Courson's penitential Summa.

MANUSCRIPTS: Angers, Bibl. Munic. 312, fol. 129r-36.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Utrumque ius dans les Questiones Andegavenses', Études d'Histoire du droit dediées à G. Le Bras 2 (Paris 1965) 897-911; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 251; idem and E. Rathbone, `Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 315 n.71.

Quaestiones Aschaffenburgenses, a collection of canonistic quaestiones compiled ca. 1173/74-79. A certain master Gido (also `Ga.' and `Gaid.') figures prominently in the references. The treatment of several questions further coincides with that of the Quaestiones Barcinonenses breves.

EDITION: G. Fransen, BMCL 16 (1986) 75-86, who distinguishes two parts (qq. 1-14 and 15-86).

MANUSCRIPT: Aschaffenburg, Hof- und Stiftsbibl. Perg. 26, fol. 197ra-207v.

LITERATURE: H. van de Wouw, `Notes on the Aschaffenburg Manuscript Perg. 26', BMCL 3 (1973) 98-99; G. Fransen, `Questiones Barcinonenses breues', BMCL 15 (1985) 31-49; idem, `Questiones Aschaffenburgenses', BMCL 16 (1986) 71-86.

Quaestiones Aschaffenburg, Stiftsbibl. Perg. 16, fol. 42r-61v. A collection of quaestiones from c.1235-1245 (cites not one Decretal Innocent IV nor a constitution of the first council of Lyons) likely from Paris related thematically to the Quaestiones dominicales of Bartholomeus Brixiensis.

LITERATURE: M. Bertram, `Kanonistische Quästionensammlungen von Bartholomäus Brixiensis bis Johannes Andreae', Proceedings Cambridge (MIC C-8; Vatican City 1988) 265-81, at 278-79.

Quaestiones Bamberg Can. 38 consist of 25 quaestiones, probably from shortly after 1191. A certain `Hugo' (= Huguccio?) is cited once.

MANUSCRIPT: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 38, fol. 117ra-117vb.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, `Some unrecorded Quaestiones', Traditio 13 (1957) 507.

Quaestiones Bambergenses I, is the title given in the Repertorium to a series of decretist quaestiones, dated ca. 1175-78. They have been analysed by Gerard Fransen, who further subdivided them into three groups of different origin. To avoid confusion, he nevertheless retained the conventional name, perhaps also because they contain material that more or less derives from a common source and school. The same connection also extends to other collections, such as the Queastiones Lipsienses, Palatinae, or Pragenses.

EDITION: Sections I.1, and I.3 have been edited by G. Fransen, Traditio 12 (1956) 566-92; the section I.2 by idem, Traditio 13 (1957) 481-501.

MANUSCRIPT: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 17, fol. 119r (=I.1), 119r-120r, 123v-126 (=I.2), 120v-123r (=I.3).

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Les "Questiones" des canonistes: Essai de dépouillement de de classement I', Traditio 12 (1956) 566-92; idem, `Les "Questiones" de canonistes II', Traditio 13 (1957) 481-501; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 246; A. M. Stickler, `De potestate gladii materialis secundum "Quaestiones Bambergenses" ineditas (Cod. Ms. Can. 17 Bambergen.)', Salesianum 6 (1944) 113-40.

Quaestiones Bambergenses II, called as such in the Repertorium, was analysed by Gerard Fransen in 1956. In the same fashion as he did for Bambergenses I, he further subdivided the material into two groups (II.1, II.2). They all derive, however, from the same canonistic background (see Quaestiones Bambergenses I).

EDITION: G. Fransen, Traditio 13 (1957) 481-501, has described the collection; F. Liotta (1971) 135 n.345, has published questio 6.

MANUSCRIPT: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 17, fol. 104-110r (=II.1), 110v-116 (=II.2).

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, Traditio 12 (1956) 567; idem, Traditio 13 (1957) 481-501; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 246-47; F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 134-35.

Quaestiones Bambergenses III, owes its name, like the preceding collections from the same manuscript, to the Repertorium. Gerard Fransen has discerned four sub-groups (III.1-4). For further details as to the collection's origin, see Quaestiones Bambergenses I.

EDITION: Of sections III.2 and 3 in Traditio 12 (1956) 567-92; MANUSCRIPTS: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 17, fol. 127-133r (=III.1); 139-46, 135-137v (=III.2), 163-66v (=III.3), 171-77 (=III.4).

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, Traditio 12 (1956) 567; idem, Traditio 13 (1957) 481-501; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 247.

Quaestiones Barcinonenses I (see Robertus Modicipassus)

Quaestiones Barcinonenses II, edited by G. Fransen under the title Quaestiones Barcinonenses magistri S., date from the 1180's.

EDITION: G. Fransen, `Les questions disputées de Maitre S.', 331-43.

MANUSCRIPT: Barcelona, ACA S. Cugat 55, fol. 50r-54vb

LITERATURE: J. A. Brundage, Manuscripta 15 (1971) 71; G. Fransen, RHE 49 (1954) 154-55; G. Fransen, `Les questions disputées de Maitre S.', Satura Roberto Feenstra sexagesimum quintum annum aetatis complenti ab alumnis collegis amicis oblata, ed. by J. A. Ankum et al. (Fribourg 1985) 331-43.

Quaestiones Barcinonenses III, also called Quaestiones decretales Barcelona, S. Cugat 55, a late twelfth-century collection made up for pedagogical purposes.

EDITION: G. Fransen, `Quaestiones decretales', 83-103; an earlier analysis by J. A. Brundage, `Some canonistic quaestiones', 72-76 listed two quaestiones on, fol. 56va-57vb (partly edited ibid. 75-76) as the final two items (numbers 31-32) of this collection. G. Fransen, however, did not consider them as part of it.

MANUSCRIPT: Barcelona, ACA S. Cugat 55, fol. 54vb-56va.

LITERATURE: J. A. Brundage, `Some canonistic quaestiones in Barcelona', Manuscripta 15 (1971) 67-76; G. Fransen, `Manuscrits canoniques conserves en Espagne II', RHE 49 (1954) 154-55; idem, `Quaestiones decretales dans un manuscrit espagnol', Sine invidia communico: Opstellen aangeboden aan Prof. Dr. A. J. de Groot (Nijmegen 1985) 83-103; S. Kuttner, Gratian, `Retractationes VIII', Gratian and the Schools (London 1983) 32.

Quaestiones Barcinonenses IV (see Robertus Modicipassus)

Quaestiones Barcinonenses V, edited by Gerard Fransen under the title Quaestiones Barcinonenses breves, offer a decretist collection which shares some of its material with the Quaestiones Gratianopolitanae, and some with the collection from Aschaffenburg. Gerard Fransen has dated the work around 1160, which would make it one of the oldest representatives of the genre.

EDITION: G. Fransen, BMCL 15 (1985) 34-49 (from MS Barcelona, collated with the paralell passages from the two collections mentioned above).

MANUSCRIPT: Barcelona, ACA S. Cugat 55, fol. 59r-62r

LITERATURE: J. A. Brundage, Manuscripta 15 (1971) 71-72; G. Fransen, RHE 49 (1954) 154-55; idem, `Questiones Barcinonenses breues', BMCL 15 (1985) 31-49.

Quaestiones Barcinonenses VI, consists of six quaestiones which postdate the preceding collection (ca. 1168-72?).

EDITION: An analysis has been given by G. Fransen, Traditio 13 (1957) 497; G. Fransen has further edited the first quaestio in ZRG Kan. Abt. 68 (1982) 136-52, and qq.1-6 in ZRG Kan. Abt.74 (1988) 141-67.

MANUSCRIPT: Barcelona, ACA S. Cugat 55, fol. 62v-66ra.

LITERATURE: J. A. Brundage, Manuscripta 15 (1971) 71-72; G. Fransen, `Les "Questiones" des canonistes II', Traditio 13 (1957) 497; G. Fransen, `États différents d'une meme Question disputée I-II', ZRG Kan. Abt. 68 (1982) 136-52, 74 (1988) 141-67.

Quaestiones Barcinonenses VIII

MANUSCRIPT: Barcelona, ACA S. Cugat 55, fol. 98r-102r.

LITERATURE: J. A. Brundage, Manuscripta 15 (1971) 71-72; G. Fransen, RHE 49 (1954) 154-55.

Quaestiones Barcinonenses IX, is the title for the ninth collection of quaestiones to be found in a manuscript from Barcelona (G. Fransen).

MANUSCRIPT: Barcelona, Archivio della Corona de Aragón S. Cugat 55, fol. 102r-136v.

LITERATURE: J. A. Brundage, Manuscripta 15 (1971) 71-72; G. Fransen, RHE 49 (1954) 154-55; idem, `Les "Questiones" des Canonistes III', Traditio 19 (1963) 517 n.6

Quaestiones Barcinonenses X, actually consist of a single quaestio. It is roughly paralell to q.1 of the Quaestiones Neapolitanae.

EDITION: G. Fransen, BMCL 6 (1976) 32-38 (lines 1-174).

MANUSRCRIPT: Barcelona, ACA S. Cugat 55, fol. 137ra-vb.

LITERATURE: J. A. Brundage, Manuscripta 15 (1971) 71-72; G. Fransen, RHE 49 (1954) 154-55; idem, `Les Quaestiones Neapolitanae', BMCL 6 (1976) 29-38 .

Quaestiones Berlin lat. , fol. 249 consists of 14 quaestiones from the school of Wilielmus Naso. It was compiled between 1216 (Compilatio IV is quoted) and 1234.

MANUSCRIPT: Berlin, Staatsbibl. lat. , fol. 249, fol. 71rb-71vb.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, `Some unrecorded Quaestiones', Traditio 13 (1957) 507.

Quaestiones Bodleianae, an English collection of decretist quaestiones composed after the appearance of Compilatio III (1210), which is cited. The work, consisting of two procedural treatises, contains frequent references to Johannes Bazianus.

MANUSCRIPT: Oxford, Bodleian Library Arch. Selden sup. 87, fol. 140r-148v, 150v-158.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 253-54; idem, `Zur Enstehungsgeschichte der "Summa de casibus",' ZRG Kan. Abt. 39 (1953) 422 n.18; idem, `Retractationes VIII', Gratian and the Schools(London 1983) 32.

Quaestiones Borghesianae, written after 1218 and based on decretals drawn from the first four Compilationes. Three of the quaestiones carry the signature of a certain `Jo.', who may be identifiable with Johannes Garsias (Hispanus). The work further shares some of its material with the Quaestiones Patavinae.

MANUSCRIPTS: Vatican City, Vat. Borgh. 261, fol. 103-110v.

LITERATURE: A. García y García, `La canonistica Iberica', BMCL 11 (1981) 53; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 429-30; idem, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 321 n.6; idem, `Johannes Teutonicus, das vierte Laterankonzil und die Compilatio quarta', Miscellanea Giovanni Mercati (Vatican City 1946) 5:628 n.29.

Quaestiones Cassinenses I (according to G. Fransen)

MANUSCRIPT: Monte Cassino, Bibl. dell'abbazia 396, p.32-84?.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Les "Questiones" des canonistes III', Traditio 19 (1963) 516-31; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 250-51.

Quaestiones Cassinenses II, a collection of Quaestiones reportatae from the school of Bazianus.

MANUSCRIPT: Monte Cassino, Bibl. dell'abbazia 396, p.84b-112b.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 250-51; idem and E. Rathbone, `Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 311 n.48.

Quaestiones Cassinenses III (see Richardus Anglicus, Summa quaestionum)

Quaestiones Claustroneoburgenses, a large collection of quaestiones, including some that report disputations held by the Bolognese canonist Tancred. The use of Compilatio IV suggests that they were compiled ca. 1220.

MANUSCRIPT: Klosterneuburg, Stiftsbibl. 1048, fol. 75-116v.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Les "Quaestiones" des canonistes', Traditio 19 (1963) 531; S. Kuttner, `Johannes Teutonicus', Miscellanea Giovanni Mercati 5:628 n.29, 629 n.32.

Quaestiones Cusanae I, contain a series of quaestiones on marriage, of which three are singed by Bazianus. It is likely that several others also had been disputed at his school. As Gerard Fransen has shown, they were brought into their final shape before the appearance of Compilatio I (1191). While Alfons Stickler believed that the work cited decretals after Compilatio I, Fransen concluded that all of the references point to an earlier decretal collection called Bambergensis (ca. 1185).

EDITION: G. Fransen, `Les Questiones Cusanae: questions disputées sur le mariage', Convivium utriusque ius: Alexander Dordett zum 60. Geburtstag (Vienna 1976) 209-21, has given a summary analysis.

MANUSCRIPT: Bernkastel-Kues, Sankt-Nikolaus-Hospital, Cusanus-Stiftsbibl. 226, fol. 1rb-4ra.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Les Quaestiones Neapolitanae', BMCL 6 (1976) 43-46; A. M. Stickler, `Decretistica Germanica adaucta', Traditio 12 (1956) 602-603.

Quaestiones Cusanae II, are identical with the first five quaestiones of the Summa quaestionum Monacenses.

MANUSCRIPT: Bernkastel-Kues, Sankt-Nikolaus-Hospital, Cusanus-Stiftsbibl. 226, fol. 4ra-4v.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Les Quaestiones Neapolitanae', BMCL 6 (1976) 43-46; S. Kuttner, `Some unrecorded Quaestiones', Traditio 13 (1957) 508; A. M. Stickler, `Decretistica Germanica adaucta', Traditio 12 (1956) 602-603.

Quaestiones de casibus `Queritur de iis qui scienter peccaverunt', a collections of quaestionescompiled shortly after 1234 and constantly referring to Huguccio and the Summa de casibus of Raymond de Penyafort.

MANUSCRIPTS: Munich, Clm 27302, fol. 51r-153r (incomplete); Paris, B.N. lat. 16421; Paris, Ste. Geneviève 2779.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 446; R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I (Munich 1963) 408-09.

Quaestiones decretales Arras 271, a brief collection of quaestiones used in the lecture room. It shares some of its material with the collection of Quaestiones decretales Bamberg Can 17.

MANUSCRIPT: Arras, Bibl. Munic. 271, fol. 187v.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, `Retractationes VIII', Gratian and the Schools of Law (London 1983) 32.

Quaestiones decretales Bamberg, Can. 17, the origins of this work seem to be linked to those of the Quaestiones decretales Arras 271.

MANUSCRIPT: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 17, fol. 182rb-83rb.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, `Retractationes VIII', Gratian and the Schools of Law (London 1983) 32.

Quaestiones decretales Bambergenses I (see Honorius, Summa quaestionum)

Quaestiones decretales Bambergenses II, consist of rather briefly formulated quaestiones which were compiled some time after Compilatio I (1191). They are transmitted, with due variations, in at least seven manuscripts, of which the Klosterneuburg and Bamberg (also Leon) manuscripts on the one hand, and the Vienna and the Zwettl texts on the other, seem to be related particularly closely.

EDITION: An analysis of the 76 quaestiones in the Zwettl and Vienna manuscripts has been published by G. Fransen, Traditio 19 (1963) 520-30, along with a concordance for the other copies, 530-31. Those texts to be found in Klosterneuburg, Bamberg, and Fulda D.7, and not extant in Zwettl and Vienna have been analysed by G. Fransen, Traditio 20 (1964) 496-502, again with a concordance at the end.

MANUSCRIPTS: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 45, fol. 41-56v; Fulda, Landesbibl. D.7, fol. 25r-92r, 145v-155v; D.10, fol. 59ra-68rb (paralell with regard to the quaestiones 1-32 [fol. 59ra-67ra]: called Questiones Fuldenses in S. Kuttner, Repertorium 430); Klosterneuburg, Stifstbibl. 656, fol. 19-33v; León, S. Isidoro 16, fol. 40r-74r (exactly coinciding with Bamberg, Can. 45, quaestiones 1-82); Vienna, ÖNB 2163, fol. 75-100; Zwettl, Stiftsbibl. 162, fol. 123-144v.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Les "Questiones" des canonistes III', Traditio 19 (1963) 516-31; idem, `Les "Questiones" des canonistes', Traditio 20 (1964) 495-502; idem, `Les Questions de Jean le Teutonique', BMCL 13 (1983) 43; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 425-26; idem, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 322-27; J. F. v. Schulte, `Literaturgeschichte der Compilationes antiquae, besonders der drei ersten', SB Vienna 66 (1871) 64-65. R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I (Munich 1963) 376 n.194.

Quaestiones disputatae Avranches 149, a French collection composed after Compilatio III (1210).

MANUSCRIPT: Avranches, Bibl. Munic. 149, fol. 127-128(?).

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner and E. Rathbone, `Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 315 n.74.

Quaestiones disputatae Douai 590, two quaestiones from the French school, after Compilatio III(1210).

MANUSCRIPT: Douai, Bibl. Municip. 590, flyleaf in front

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, `Some unrecorded Quaestiones', Traditio 13 (1957) 507.

Quaestiones disputatae Douai 649, probably collected in the school of a French master, ca. 1205-1210.

MANUSCRIPT: Douai, Bibl. Municip. 649, fol. 54v-57v; the quaestiones on, fol. 143-48v may also belong to the collection.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 324 n.22a; idem and E. Rathbone, `Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 315 n.74; R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I (Munich 1963) 320-24..

Quaestiones Fuldenses is the name given in the Repertorium to a collection of quaestiones in a Fulda manuscript. Gerard Fransen has demonstrated that it combines a series of texts borrowed from the Quaestiones Bambergenses II group (q.1-32) with a set of quaestiones signed by the Bolognese canonist Tancred (q.33-43). This latter portion shows paralells to the Quaestiones Claustroneoburgenses and Senonenses.

EDITION: An analysis of q.1-32 has been given by G. Fransen, Traditio 19 (1963) 516-31; the same article also includes a concordance of q.33-43 with the collections from Klosterneuburg and Sion (531).

MANUSCRIPTS: Fulda, Landesbibl. D.10, fol. 59ra-68rb.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Les "Questiones" des canonistes III', Traditio 19 (1963) 516-31; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 430; R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I(Munich 1963) 378 n.198.

Quaestiones Graecenses, a fragment of four quaestiones taken from the collection of Johannes Teutonicus, but never bearing his siglum.

EDITION: Analysis by G. Fransen, BMCL 13 (1983) 46-47.

MANUSCRIPT: Graz, Universitätsbibl. 138, fol. 268v.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Questions de Jean Teutonique', BMCL 13 (1983) 46-47; S. Kuttner, `Johannes Teutonicus, das vierte Laterankonzil und die Compilatio quarta', Miscellanea Giovanni Mercati (Vatican City 1946) 5:609 n.2.

Quaestiones Gratianopolitanae, contain an early collection of canonistic quaestiones which cites only one papal decretal (q.242). This suggests a date well before the appearance of Compilatio I in 1191. Many of the texts include references to the Bolognese civilian Martinus, cited alongside with a certain `Johannes'. A. Belloni has identified him with Johannes Bazianus rather than Johannes Faventinus.

EDITION: The text corresponds to q.133-56 of the edition by J. Palmieri, `Quaestiones dominorum Bononiensium, Collectio Gratianopolitana', Bibliotheca iuridica medii aevi 1.2 (Bologna 1914) 233-242.

MANUSCRIPTS: Grenoble, Bibl. Munic. 626, fol. ?.

LITERATURE: A. Belloni, Le questioni civilistiche del secolo XII (Frankfurt/M. 1989); idem, `Baziano, cioè Giovanni Baziano, legista e canonista del secolo XII', TRG 57 (1989) 78-79; H. Kantorowicz, `The quaestiones disputatae of the Glossators', TRG 16 (1939) 12 n.25; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 248-49.

Quaestiones Halenses, written after Compilatio I.

EDITION: F. Gillmann, AKKR 108 (1928) 482-85, has printed several texts.

MANUSCRIPTS: Halle, Universitäts-und Landesbibl. Ye. 52, fol. 1r-v; perhaps, fol. 6 is also part of the collection.

LITERATURE: F. Gillmann, AKKR 108 (1928) 482-85; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 250.

Quaestiones in schola Rolandi disputatae, the title given not to a particular collection of quaestiones, but to a disparate number of texts tracing to the Bolognese school headed by the canonists Rolandus and Metellus (fl. 1160).

EDITION: R. Weigand, AKKR 138 (1969) 86-92 (from the Munich MS).

MANUSCRIPTS: Munich, Clm 3525, fol. 40r-50v. See also Quaestiones Stuttgardienses, Fragmentum Cantrabrigiense.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `La structure des "Quaestiones disputatae" e leur classement', Traditio23 (1967) 519-20; R. Weigand, `Quaestionen aus der Schule des Rolandus und des Metellus', AKKR 138 (1969) 82-94.

Quaestiones Klosterneuburg 271, including four quaestiones (the first of which mutilated).

MANUSCRIPT: Klosterneuberg, Stifstbibl. 271, fol. 212rb-vb.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, `Some unrecorded Quaestiones', Traditio 13 (1957) 507.

Quaestiones Laudunenses (see Honorius, Summa quaestionum)

Quaestiones Lemovicenses I, contain five quaestiones of the primitive type; no decretals cited.

EDITION: G. Fransen, ZRG Kan. Abt. 55 (1969) 437-448.

MANUSCRIPT: Paris, B.N. lat. 3454, fol. 54-56vb.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Varia ex manuscriptis', Traditio 21 (1965) 520; idem, `Quaestiones Vaticanae, Urgellenses, Lemovicenses', ZRG Kan. Abt. 55 (1969) 437-448.

Quaestiones Lemovicenses II, one of the earliest collections of canonistic quaestiones, the core of which (qq.1-18) was compiled no later than in the 1160's. No decretals are cited in those parts. Additions were made during the 1170's and early 1180's.

EDITION: Analysed by G. Fransen, ZRG Kan. Abt. 76 (1990) 156-71, with a full edition of q.31; he also printed q.11 (in part) in ZRG Kan. Abt. 68 (1982) 136-52; q.12-13 and 15 (all in part) in ZRG Kan. Abt. 74 (1988) 141-55, 161-62.

MANUSCRIPT: Paris, B.N. lat. 4720A, fol. 37ra-44vb.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `États différents d'une meme Question disputée I-II', ZRG Kan. Abt. 68 (1982) 136-52, 74 (1988) 141-62; idem, `Quaestiones Lemovicenses II', ZRG Kan. Abt. 76 (1990) 136-52.

Quaestiones Lipsienses I, a decretist collection closely related to the orbit of the Quaestiones Bambergenses I.

EDITION: Analysis by G. Fransen, Traditio 12 (1957) 566-81.

MANUSCRIPTS: Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 247, fol. 17v-20v.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Les "Questiones" des canonistes: Essai de dépouillement et de classement', Traditio 12 (1956) 566-81; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 246; idem, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 321 n.6.

Quaestiones Lipsienses II, a brief series of texts appended to a copy of the Perpendiculum (ca. 1180).

EDITION: Analysis by G. Fransen, Traditio 13 (1957) 494-95, 500-501.

MANUSCRIPT: Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 247, fol. 10r-v

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Les "Questiones" des canonistes: Essai de dépouillement et de classement', Traditio 12 (1956) 507; idem, `Les "Questiones" des canonistes II', Traditio 13 (1957) 494-95, 500; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 247.

Quaestiones Lipsienses III, as it was called in the Repertorium, has been subdivided into two different, but related units by Gerard Fransen. Compiled before 1191.

EDITION: G. Fransen, Traditio 12 (1956) and 13 (1957) has offered an anlysis of the collection.

MANUSCRIPT: Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 247, fol. 17r (III.1), 20v (III.2).

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Les "Questiones" des canonistes: Essai de dépouillement et de classement', Traditio 12 (1956) 567-68, 580; idem, `Les "Questiones" des canonistes II', Traditio 13 (1957) 486, 500; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 247.

Quaestiones Lipsienses IV, received its name from the Repertorium, but was subsequently divided into two collections by Gerard Fransen. The work predates Compilatio I.

EDITION: By G. Fransen, Traditio 12 (1956) and 13 (1957).

MANUSCRIPT; Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 247, fol. 21-30 (= IV.1); 30v (= IV.2).

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Les "Questiones" des canonistes: Essai de dépouillement et de classement', Traditio 12 (1956) 567-68; idem, `Les "Questiones" des canonistes II', Traditio 13 (1957) 486-92, 500; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 247.

Quaestiones Lipsienses V, a fragmentary collection which cites extravagantes from the pontificate of Alexander III (1159-81).

MANUSCRIPT: Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 985, fol. 1-8v.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 247; L. Prosdocimi, `I manoscritti della "Summa decretorum" di Uguccione Pisano: Iter Germanicum', SG 7 (1959) 263.

Quaestiones Londinenses, include 58 canonistic quaestiones of English origin, composed ca. 1196-98. The collection represents one of the most important sources for the teaching activities of several English masters (such as Simon of Southwell, Simon of Derby, John of Kent, John of Tynemouth), whose names occur in the discussions and solutions of many of the quaestiones. A reportatio of disputations held by another English canonist, Nicholas (de Aquila) seems to form the core of the material.

EDITION: J. A. Brundage has printed q. 1 in Mediaeval Studies 24 (1962) 158-60; q. 38-39 in Speculum 38 (1963) 448-52; he further discussed q. 12, 19,31, and 37 in Manuscripta 19 (1975).

MANUSCRIPTS: London, Brit. Libr. Royal 9 E. VII, fol. 191ra-98vb.

LITERATURE: J. A. Brundage, `A twelfth-century Oxford disputation concerning the privileges of the knights Hospitallers', Mediaeval Studies 24 (1962) 153-60; idem, `The crusade of Richard I: Two canonical quaestiones', Speculum 38 (1963) 443-52; idem, `The treatment of marriage in the Quaestiones Londinenses', Manuscripta 19 (1975) 86-97; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 251-52; idem and E. Rathbone, `Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 319-21 and passim; idem, `Retractationes VIII', Gratian and the Schools (London 1983) 33, 36.

Quaestiones Milan H.248 inf., mentions Bolognese canonists of the 1180's and 1190's, Ricardus, Bazianus, and Bernardus.

MANUSCRIPT: Milan, Ambros. H.248 inf., fol. 86ra-93vb.

LITERATURE: M. Bertram, `Some additions to the "Repertorium der Kanonistik",' BMCL 4 (1974) 13.

Quaestiones Montecassino 448, an unstudied and fragmentary collection compiled after Compilatio IV.

MANUSCRIPT: Montecassino, Bibl. Abbaz. 448, p.113-58.

LITERATURE: M. Bertram, `Some additions to the "Repertorium der Kanonistik",' BMCL 4 (1974) 13.

Quaestiones Munich 17161, present the peculiar case of a Causa which, subdivided into four quaestiones, has been interpolated into a manuscript of Gratian's Decretum (between C.3 and C.4).

MANUSCRIPT: Munich, Clm 17161, fol. 65-66;

LITERATURE: F. Kunstmann, `Zur Geschichte des Gratianischen Dekrets', AKKR 10 (1863) 339-40. S. Kuttner, `Some unrecorded Quaestiones', Traditio 13 (1957) 507-508.

Quaestiones Monacenses, offer a series of quaestiones that follow the order of the Decretum. The incomplete collection is related to the teachings of Honorius and his circle and was compiled ca. 1185-90 (S.Kuttner).

MANUSCRIPT: Munich, Clm 16083, fol. 52va-73va.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner and E. Rathbone, `Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 315; R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I(Munich 1963) 196-97.

Quaestiones Mutinenses, a collection of Bolognese quaestiones from the late thirteenth century.

MANUSCRIPT: Modena, Bibl. Estense Y.Z.1.19, fol. 22rb-48ra.

LITERATURE: C. Mesini, `Questioni disputae in diritto canonico nello studio Bolognese nel sec. XIII dal codice Y.Z.1 + Appendice Campori 1242 della Biblioteca Estense di Modena', Apollinaris50 (1977) 484-520.

Quaestiones Neapolitanae, a French collection of twelve quaestiones, probably composed around 1180.

EDITION: G. Fransen has analysed the work in BMCL 6 (1976) 29-43. He also printed q.1 in full (32-40), along with the variants of the Quaestiones Barcinonenses X.

MANUSCRIPTS: Naples, Bibl. Naz. Brancacc. IV D 9, fol. 24va-27rb.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Les Quaestiones Neapolitanae', BMCL 6 (1976) 29-43; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 249.

Quaestiones Orielenses I-II, a collection of probably English origin, which includes several decretal-references, but does not cite them after Compilatio I (1191). The information about another set of quaestiones in the same Oxford manuscript is scanty. They cite Vacarius and may represent one of the few traces of his teaching at an English school.

EDITION: none.

MANUSCRIPTS: Oxford, Oriel College 53, fol. 338-339v (= I);, fol. 355r (= II).

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 249-50; idem and E. Rathbone, `Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 296 n.28; S. Kuttner, `Retractationes VIII', Gratian and the Schools (London 1983) 26.

Quaestiones Palatinae I, a collection partly belonging to the Bambergensis I group. It was compiled in the late twelfth century and originated from France.

EDITION: Analysed by G. Fransen, Traditio 12 (1956) 566-582.

MANUSCRIPT: Vatican City, Vat. Pal. lat. 678, fol. 93ra-96rb.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Les "Quaestiones" des canonistes', Traditio 12 (1956) 566-92; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 246; idem, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 321 n.6; F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 54-57.

Quaestiones Palatinae II, drawn from the same stock of material as the Quaestiones Pragenses II and Bambergensis III. Late twelfth century.

EDITION: Analysis by G. Fransen, Traditio 12 (1956) 566-69; 581-91.

MANUSCRIPT: Vatican City, Vat. Pal. lat. 678, fol. 96rb-98r.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Les "Quaestiones" des canonistes', Traditio 12 (1956) 566-92; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 247-48; idem, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 321 n.6;

Quaestiones Palatinae III consist of three quaestiones of which two reoccur in the Pragensis I. Late twelfth century.

EDITION: Analysis by G. Fransen, Traditio 12 (1956) 566-82.

MANUSCRIPT: Vatican City, Vat. Pal. lat. 678, fol. 98r-vb.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Les "Quaestiones" des canonistes', Traditio 12 (1956) 566-92; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 248; idem, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 321 n.6;

Quaestiones Palatinae IV refer to what is actually one questio. Late twelfth century.

EDITION: Analysis by G. Fransen, Traditio 12 (1956) 566-582.

MANUSCRIPT: Vatican City, Vat. Pal. lat. 678, fol. 99ra-b.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Les "Quaestiones" des canonistes', Traditio 12 (1956) 566-92; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 248; idem, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 321 n.6;

Quaestiones Palatinae V include three quaestiones of the late twelfth century.

EDITION: Analysis by G. Fransen, Traditio 12 (1956) 566-582.

MANUSCRIPT: Vatican City, Vat. Pal. lat. 678, fol. 102ra-va, 104rb-105rb.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Les "Quaestiones" des canonistes', Traditio 12 (1956) 566-92; Stephan Kuttner, Repertorium 248; idem, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 321 n.6; F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 57-58.

Quaestiones Palatinae VI share, like the Quaestiones Palatinae II, most of their material with the Palatinae II and Bambergenses III. Late twelfth century.

EDITION: Analysis by G. Fransen, Traditio 12 (1956) 566-69; 581-91.

MANUSCRIPT: Vatican City, Vat. Pal. lat. 678, fol. 102va-104rb.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Les "Quaestiones" des canonistes', Traditio 12 (1956) 566-92; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 248; idem, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 321 n.6;

Quaestiones Parisinae, also called Fragmentum Parisiense, consists of a fragment of quaestioneswhich for the most part are identical with the collection in the Klosterneuburg MS 656, attributed to Johannes Teutonicus.

EDITION: Analysed by G. Fransen, BMCL 13 (1983) 43-46.

MANUSCRIPT: Paris, B.N. lat. nouv. acq. 2443, fol. 135rv-134rv (sic!).

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, A propos des Questions de Jean le Teutonique', BMCL 13 (1983) 39-47.

Quaestiones Parisienses, contain a fragment of systematic quaestiones on marriage, which was compiled ca. 1179-1191. It refers to opinions of a certain Master `G.' (Guido of Arezzo?).

MANUSCRIPT: Paris, B.N. lat. 3934 A, fol. 102r-v, 103vb.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 255; idem and E. Rathbone, `Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 315.

Quaestiones Patavinae, a canonistic collection of quaestiones from the 1220, which cite decretals up to Compilatio IV (1216).

MANUSCRIPT: Padua, Bibl. Antoniana III.68

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 255; idem, `Bernardus Antiquus Compostellanus', Traditio1 (1943) 321 n.6; idem, `Johannes Teutonicus', Miscellanea Giovanni Mercati 5 (Vatican City 1946) 628 n.29.

Quaestiones Pommersfeldenenses (Pommersfelden MS 41, fol. 1-69v: See Excerptum Decretorum)

Quaestiones Pragenses I, report a series of quaestiones that are largely from the same stock as those to be found in the Bambergenses III. French in origin.

EDITION: Analysis by G. Fransen, Traditio 12 (1956) 566-81.

MANUSCRIPT: Prague, University Library XIV. E. 31, fol. 35rb-43rb.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Les "Questiones" des canonistes I', Traditio 12 (1956) 566-92; idem, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus `, Traditio 1 (1943) 321 n.6;

Quaestiones Pragenses II, follow immediately after the Pragenses I. According to G. Fransen, they represent a different form of redaction in that they omit for the most part any reference to the underlying case and concentrate on the questio itself. But again, they share much of their material with the Bambergenses III. French in origin.

EDITION: G. Fransen, Traditio 12 (1956) 566-69, 581-92, has analysed the collection.

MANUSCRIPT: Prague, University Library XIV. E. 31, fol. 43rb-45ra.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Les "Questiones" des canonistes I', Traditio 12 (1956) 566-92; idem, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 321 n.6;

Quaestiones Regimontanae, probably lost in World War II, formed part of a manuscript containing several decretalist writings from the period 1191-1234.

MANUSCRIPTS: Königsberg (Kaliningrad), formerly University Libr. 17, fol. 27-58v (now lost?).

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 428-29, 432.

Quaestiones Sedunenses I contain, according to the description of Alfons Stickler (1958), 29 quaestiones. In an article of 1963, Gerard Fransen seems to have combined this collection with the one immediately following (Sedunenses II). Alfons Stickler reports, however, that references to Compilatio IV are absent from this earlier part, and so is the siglum of the Bolongese canonist Tancred. Instead, the Sedunenses I twice mention a certain `R.' (Ricardus Anglicus) and may therefore derive from his school.

EDITION: None; G. Fransen, Traditio 19 (1963) 521-27, has printed the introductory part of five quaestiones.

MANUSCRIPT: Sion (Sitten), Chapter 83, fol. 467(?)-476.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Les "Questiones" des canonistes III', Traditio 19 (1963) 516-31; S. Stelling-Michaud, Catalogue des manuscrits juridiques de la fin du XIIe au XIVe siècle conservés en Suisse (Geneva 1954) no.161; A. M. Stickler, `Iter Helveticum', Traditio 14 (1958) 470-71.

Quaestiones Sedunenses II, a Bolognese collection compiled in the 1220's, as is suggested by frequent refrences to Tancred and the use of Compilatio IV. Regarding the Tancred material, the work shows strong paralells to the Quaestiones Claustroneoburgenses and Fuldenses.

EDITION: None; G. Fransen, Traditio 19 (1963) 531, has given a concordance of the quaestionescarrying Tancred's siglum, as they appear in the Quaestiones Fuldenses.

MANUSCRIPT: Sion (Sitten), Cathedral Chapter 83, fol. 477r-502v.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Les "Questiones" des canonistes III', Traditio 19 (1963) 516-31; S. Stelling-Michaud, Catalogue des manuscrits juridiques de la fin du XIIe au XIVe siècle conservés en Suisse (Geneva 1954) no.161; A. M. Stickler, `Iter Helveticum', Traditio 14 (1958) 470-71.

Quaestiones Sedunenses III, a Bolognese collection compiled in the 1220's, as is suggested by frequent references to Tancred and the use of Compilatio IV. It remains unclear if the work represents a unit of its own or rather forms a continuation of the former one (Sedunenses II).

MANUSCRIPT: Sion (Sitten), Cathedral Chapter 83, fol. 503r-511v, 514r-528v.

LITERATURE: A. M. Stickler, `Iter Helveticum', Traditio 14 (1958) 471-72.

Quaestiones St. Florian, with two quaestiones.

MANUSCRIPT: Saint Florian, Stiftsbibl. III.5, paste down in front.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, `Some unrecorded Quaestiones', Traditio 13 (1957) 507.

Quaestiones Siena

MANUSCRIPT: Siena, Bibl. Pub. G. V.24, fol. 175r-v, and rear paste-down.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, `Some unrecorded Quaestiones', Traditio 13 (1957) 507.

Quaestiones Stuttgardienses, compiled shortly after 1154, often cite opinions of the Bolognese canonist Rolandus and seem to be a product of his school. Parts of them were later incorporated into other collections, such as Bambergenses III.1 and III.4.

EDITION: In the Appendix to F. Thaner, Die Summa Magistri Rolandi (Innsbruck 1874) 237-303.

MANUSCRIPTS: Cambridge, Univ. Library Addit. 3321, fol. 26v-31v (contains the quaestiones 1-11, 33-36 of Thaner's edition); Stuttgart, Landesbibl. Jur. 62, fol. 58v-71, 120v-123.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Les "Questiones" des canonistes II', Traditio 13 (1957) 481; G. Fransen, `Les "Questiones" des canonistes II', Traditio 12 (1956) 567-68; S. Kuttner, Repertorium245; F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 52-54; F. Thaner, Die Summa Magistri Rolandi, nachmals Papstes Alexander III (Innsbruck 1874).

Quaestiones Toletanae, contain frequent references to the Bolognese canonist Bazianus. Most of the quaestiones also appear in the large collection of MS Fulda D.7, which has been analysed only insofar as it conincides with the decretales Bambergenses II.

EDITION: Analysis by G. Fransen, BMCL 13 (1983) 39-42.

MANUSCRIPT: Toledo, Bibl. Cap. 39-28, fol. 82vb-83v.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `A propos des Questions de Jean le Teutonique', BMCL 13 (1983) 39-42.

Quaestiones Urgellenses

EDITION: G. Fransen, ZRG Kan. Abt. 55 (1969) 437-448.

MANUSCRIPT: Seo de Urgel, Bibl. Cap. 2033, fol. 200va-b.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Quaestiones Vaticanae, Urgellenses, Lemovicenses', ZRG Kan. Abt. 55 (1969) 437-448.

Quaestiones Vaticanae

EDITION: G. Fransen, ZRG Kan. Abt. 55 (1969) 437-448.

MANUSCRIPT: Vatican City, Vat. lat. 288, fol. iiiv-ivr.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Quaestiones Vaticanae, Urgellenses, Lemovicenses', ZRG Kan. Abt. 55 (1969) 437-448.

Quaestiones Vincentinae (see Zwettlensis II)

Quaestiones Vindobonensis (Vienna MS lat. 2163) consists of a series of quaestiones arranged in the order of Compilatio I. Compiled at Bologna after 1216, since there is at least one reference to Compilatio IV. For other quaestiones from the same manuscript, cf. the decretales Bambergensesand the Zwettlenses II.

MANUSCRIPT: Vienna, ÖNB 2163, fol. 52-74v.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner and E. Rathbone, `Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 315; S. Kuttner, `Retractationes VII', Gratian and the Schools (London 1983) 20.

Quaestiones Zwettlensis I (see Quaestiones decretales Bambergenses II)

Quaestiones Zwettlensis II, compiled at the school of Vicenza, whence they also appear under the name Vincentinae. There exist close ties between this collection and that of `Ber'(nardus Compostellanus), whose quaestiones in fact appear interpolated into the Zwettlensis II in MS Vienna. According to the decretal references, the work postdates the enlarged version of Gilbert's collection (1206), but is earlier than 1210.

EDITION: Analysis by G. Fransen, Traditio 21 (1965) 492-495, 501-10.

MANUSCRIPT: Vienna, ÖNB lat. 2163, fol. 85rb-86va, 95vb-99vb; Zwettl, Stiftsbibl. 162, fol. 139vb-144vb.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Deux collections de Questiones', Traditio 21 (1965) 492-510; S. Kuttner, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 323-27.

Quaestionum fragentum Sedunense, a fragmentary collection composed ca. 1176-79. It transmits quaestiones that show hardly any paralells to other works of the same genre.

EDITION: G. Fransen, BMCL 17 (1987) 67-75.

MANUSCRIPT: Sion (Sitten), Arch. Cap. 117, fol. 84rv, 1rv (single sheets).

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Questionum fragmentum Sedunense', BMCL 17 (1987) 65-75; A. M. Stickler, `Iter Helveticum', Traditio 14 (1958) 472.

Quia breuitas est amica audientie, an apparatus on Compilatio I from the French school of Petrus Brito. The work was composed ca. 1205/6.

EDITION: R. Weigand, Traditio 21 (1965) 485-87, has printed the prologue and several glosses on marriage impediments.

MANUSCRIPTS: Lilienfeld, Klosterbibl. 220, fol. 1r-72va (first layer of glosses).

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, `Notae et emendationes variae', Traditio 22 (1966) 476; R. Weigand, `Neue Mitteilungen aus Handschriften', Traditio 21 (1965) 481, 485-91.

Quoniam omnes quaestionum articuli (see Casus Quoniam omnes)

`Radl.' (Radulphus?), magister (see Garinus)

Rainier of Pisa, nothing is known about this thirteenth century canonist other than that he wrote some quaestiones.

TEXTS: Quaestiones

LITERATURE: J. F. v. Schulte, QL II 175.

Rainier of Pomposa, deacon and monk of the abbey of Pomposa. Rainier compiled his collection of decretals in 1201. It contains 123 chapters taken from letters issued during the first three years of Innocent III's pontificate (1198-1201). Rainier drew directly from the papal registers and arranged his material in 41 titles. They differ considerably from those given in the most important compilation of his days, Compilatio I. His work was later used by other decretal compilers, such as Gilbertus (1202) and Alanus (1206).

TEXTS: 1. Collectio Rainieri EDITION: E. Baluze, Epistolarum Innocentii III P. M. libri undecim1 (Paris 1682) 543-606 (from the Reims manuscript); reprinted in Migne, PL 216, 1173-1272. A brief analysis of the contents (of MS Reims) has appeared in F. Heyer, ZRG Kan. Abt. 4 (1914) 595; MS Paris is analyzed in C. R. Cheney - M. G. Cheney, Studies 159. MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, B.N. lat. 3922A, fol. 235ra-242rb (contains a selection of texts drawn from Rainier); Reims, Bibl. de la Ville 692, fol. 1-27.

LITERATURE: W. Holtzmann, Studies in the collections of twelfth-century decretals, edd. and trans. C. Cheney and M. Cheney (MIC B-3: Vatican City 1979) xxix, 140-41, 159; S. Chodorow, 'An Appendix to Rainier of Pomposa's Collection', BMCL 3 (1973) 55-61; E. von Heckel, 'Die Dekretalensammlungen des Gilbertus und Alanus', ZRG Kan. Abt. 29 (1940) 163-64; F. Heyer, 'Die Dekretalensammlungen aus dem 1. Jahrzehnt des 13. Jahrhunderts', ZRG Kan. Abt. 4 (1914) 593-96.  Kuttner, Repertorium 310, 314-16; idem, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio1 (1943) 328 n.6; idem, 'Rénier de Pompose ou Rainerius Pomposanus ou de Pomposa', DDC 7 (1959) 583-84; J. F. v. Schulte, QL I 83-84.

Raymond des Arènes (see Cardinalis)

Raymond of Peñafort. (Ramon de Penyafort, Pennaforte), c. 1180-1275. Catalan canon lawyer. After studying, and teaching philosophy, at Barcelona, he went to study law at Bologna sometime between 1210 and 1221. He entered the Dominican order in 1222 after his return to Barcelona. Called to Rome by Gregory IX in 1230, he presided over the commission which compiled the Liber Extra (the authoritative collection of decretals promulgated by the pope in 1234). Returning again to Catalonia, Raymond was confessor to Jaime I of Aragon (1213-76) and prominent in the activities of the Dominican order, of which he was master-general from 1238 to 1240. Thomas Aquinas wrote his Summa contra Gentiles at Raymond's insistence. He was canonised in 1601. Raymond's literary productivity was enormous and so was his success. Besides being commissioned to compile the Decretales Gregorii IX, which were to remain valid church law until 1918, he also had a great influence as the author of a penitential Summa (ca.1222-25/34) and as a leading administrator of his order. A full account of his works would include a large number of minor treatises, many of which were composed after 1234 and outside of the orbit of canon law school. To avoid incompleteness and misattributions, the present survey lists only those titles that have a direct bearing on law. During his brief period as a canonist at Bologna (1218-1221), Raymond wrote a Summa iuris which he never finished. Simultaneously, he lectured on Gratian's Decretum, as is testified by the survival of marginal glosses. There are further glosses on Compilatio IV. After becoming a Dominican, he composed the penitential Summa de casibus. He later revised it. The printed editions regularly added Raymond's Summa de matrimonio (ca. 1235) as Book IV, although the work, consisting of an update of the earlier treatise by the Bolognese canonist Tancred, had circulated separately in medieval manuscripts.

TEXTS:1. Summa iuris canonici EDITION: J. Rius Serra (Barcelona 1945); and again by X. Ochoa -A. Díez, Summa de iure canonico. Universa Bibliotheca Iuris 1-A (Rome 1975), cf. BMCL 11 (1981) 44 n.16. MANUSCRIPT: Vatican, Bibl. Ap. Borgh. 261, fol. 91-102v (fragmentary, ends 2.39).

2. Glosses on the Decretum MANUSCRIPTS: Tours, Bibl. Munic. 550 (third layer); Vatican, Bibl. Ap. lat. 1367 (third layer).

3. Glosses on Compilatio IV EDITION: None. MANUSCRIPTS: see S. Kuttner (1950) and (1953).

4. Summula on the arbores des consanguinitate et afinitate EDITION: X. Ochoa - A. Díez, Summula de consanguinitate et affinitate (Universa Bibliotheca Iuris 1-C; Rome 1978), cf. BMCL 11 (1981) 44 n.16. Other minor canonistic writings have been included in the same volume of the edition.

5. Summa de casibus EDITION: First in Rome 1600; most recently by X. Ochoa -A. Díez, Summa de poenitentia. Universa Bibliotheca Iuris 1-B (Rome 1976), cf. BMCL 11 (1981) 44 n.16.

6. Liber Extra (see Decretales Gregorii IX)

7. Summa de matrimonio EDITION: X. Ochoa -A. Díez, Summa de matrimonio. Universa Bibliotheca Iuris 1-C (Rome 1978), cf. BMCL 11 (1981) 44 n.16.

8. Parva collectio decretalium EDITION: see H. Boese, AFP 42 (1972) 69-80.

9. Dubitabilia cum responsionibus EDITIONS: J. F. v. Schulte (1868) 98-102; J. Rius Serra (1954) 22-29.

LITERATURE: H. Boese, `Über die kleine Sammlung gregorianischer Dekretalen des Raymundus de Penyafort O.P.', Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum 42 (1972) 69-80; M. Diaz y Diaz, Index scriptorum Latinorum Medii Aevi Hispanorum 2 (Salamanca 1959) 1323-45; A. García y García, `Canonistica Hispanica', Traditio 22 (1966) 468-69; idem, `Canonistica Hispanica III', Traditio 26 (1970) 460-62; A. García y García, `La canonistica ibérica', BMCL 11 (1981) 58-60; S. Horwitz, `Magistri and magisterium: Saint Raymond of Peñafort and the Gregoriana', Escritos del vedat 7 (1977) 209-38; T. Kaeppeli, Scriptores ordinis praedicatorum medii aevi 3 (Rome 1980) 283-87; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 102, 438-52; idem, `The Barcelona Edition of St. Raymond's first treatise of canon law', Seminar 1 (1950) 52-67; idem, `Zur Entstehungsgeschichte der Summa de casibus poenitentie', ZRG Kan. Abt. 39 (1953) 419-34; idem, `Raymond of Peñafort as editor: The "decretales" and "constitutiones" of Gregory IX', BMCL 12 (1982) 65-80; F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 373-87; J. A. Martín Avedillo, `Influjo del canonista Ambrosius en S. Raimundo de Peñafort', Revista española de derecho canonico 26 (1970) 329-55; P. Michaud-Quantin, Sommes de casuistique et manuels de confession au moyen âge (Louvain - Lille - Montreal 1962) 34-40; R. Naz, `Raymond de Pennafort', DDC 7 (1959) 461-64; K. Pennington, `A "consilium" of Johannes Teutonicus', Traditio 26 (1970) 435-40; idem, `Summae on Raymond of Pennaforts Summa de casibus in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich', Traditio 27 (1971) 471-80. J. Rius Serra, S. Raimundo de Peñafort, Diplomatario (Barcelona 1954); L. Robles, `S. Ramon de Peñafort', Repertorio de Historia de las Ciencias Eclesiasticas en España 3 (Salamanca 1971) 12-53; J. F. v. Schulte, `Die canonistischen Handschriften in Prag', Abhandlungen der königlich böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. 6. Folge II.2 (Prague 1868); A. Teetaert, `La "Summa de poenitentia" de S. Raymond de Penyafort', Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses 5 (1928) 49-72; idem, `"Summa de matrimonio" S. Raymundi de Penyafort; Jus pontificum 9 (1929) 54-61, 228-34, 312-22; F. Valls Taberner, `San Ramón de Penyafort', Literatura juridica, ed. M. Peláez - J. Gonzáles (Barcelona 1986) 61-182; R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I (Munich 1963) 400-402; idem, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 256-258 and passim.

Raynerius de Pisis, a teacher of canon law at Bologna (fl.1285).

TEXTS: Questio, MANUSCRIPT; Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 853.

LITERATURE: R. Chabanne, `Rainerius de Pisis', DDC 7 (1959) 451; J. F. v. Schulte, QL II 175.

Ricardus Anglicus (de Mores), 1161-1242, probably studied (and perhaps taught) law at Lincoln and/or Paris during the 1180's. He taught at Bologna from ca. 1191 to ca. 1202 when he was listed as a canon in the Priory of Merton. From 1202 Ricardus was in the service of Archbishop Hubert Walter of Canterbury along with two other noted canonists, John of Tynemouth and Master Honorius. From 1202 until his death in 1242, Ricardus was prior of Dunstable. Ricardus seems to have been very active in legal matters; Sayers has found forty-eight documents listing him as an officer of the court and Innocent III appointed him judge-delegate in a number of important cases.

Although Ricardus's stay at Bologna was not particularly long, it was very productive. In the years from 1191-1202 Ricardus wrote or revised seven of his eight known works. Johannes Bassianus, a civilian of the 1180's, seems to have had an important influence on Ricardus's work. In his ordo iudiciarius, Ricardus used the `ordo of titles' structure pioneered by Johannes. Also, Ricardus used both Roman and canon law in this work and was later acknowledged by Tancred as having been the first to do so. Ricardus's work seems to have influenced Tancred through the Ordo iudiciarius, and also Laurentius Hispanus, so that he may well have been one of Laurentius's teachers. In fact, Laurentius's first work seems to have been a Distinctiones Decretorum modeled on Ricardus's work, and it is interesting to note that Tancred was Laurentius's student.

TEXTS:1. Apparatus ad compilationem primam MANUSCRIPTS: Admont 55, fol. 1-85; Avranches 149, fol. 7-77v; Bamberg Can. 20, fol. 1-54v; Berlin, lat. , fol. 1-60; Halle Ye 52, V, fol. 1-5v; Halle Ye 80, fol. 1-78v; Klosterneuburg 90 (frag); Laon 385; Lisbon Alcob. 173 (304), fol. 10v-115ra; London, Lambeth Palace 105, fol. 137-213v; Modena, Estense a.R.4.16 (lat. 968; XII.L.8), fol. 1-76v; Munich, Clm 3879, fol. 1-97v; Munich, Clm 6352, fol. 1-77; Munich, Clm 8302, fol. 4r-93v; Reims 692, fol. 36-111; Salzburg, St. Peter's Archabbey a.IX.18, fol. 2-117; Valenciennes 274; Vatican City, Pal. lat. 652, fol. 1-60; Vatican City, Pal. lat. 696; Worcester F.122; Zwettl 34, fol. 2-81v. Some of Ricardus's glosses on Compilatio prima can also be found in Erlangen, Universitätsbibl. 349. See Traditio 12 (1956) 560-61; 16 (1960) 559-60.

2. Ordo iudiciarius EDITION: L. Wahrmund, Quellen zur Geschichte des römisch- kanonischen Prozesses im Mittelalter, II, 3 (Innsbruck 1915) [used manuscripts: Douai, Fulda, Vat. lat. , and Vienna]. MANUSCRIPTS: A. Original version: St. Gall Stiftsbibl. 683, fol. 186-271; Vatican City, Vat lat. 2691, fol. 49r-58vb. B. Revised version: Brussels, BR 131-134, fol. 104-110va; Douai, BM 644, fol. 1r-16v; Fulda, LB D7, fol. 1r-24v; Vercelli BCap. 176, fol. 1r-13ra; Vienna, ÖNB 2163, fol. 25r-42rb; Zwettl 162, fol. 83r-93vb. DISCUSSION: According to Fowler-Magerl, Ricardus composed this work in England or in Paris prior to 1190, and then revised it later in Bologna. The two manuscripts which contain this early version have no rubrics and cite decretals from an unknown canonical collection which was organized in titles, but not in books. This is most likely related to the Anglo-Norman `Bamberg Group' of decretal collections. In the later manuscripts, which show different stages of development, the work is revised by the addition of rubrics and by changing the citation of decretals in conformity with Compilatio prima. See Linda Fowler-Magerl, Ordo iudiciorum vel ordo iudiciarius (Ius Commune Sonderheft 19; Frankfurt am Main 1984) 114-119.

3. Summa quaestionum EDITION: None; excerpts printed in S. Kuttner and E. Rathbone, `Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Appendix E 355-58; F. Liotta (1971) 226 n.365. MANUSCRIPTS: Monte Cassino 396 pp. 191-247a; Zwettl 162, fol. 179-213r. See Traditio 11 (1955), 448. DISCUSSION: Ricardus likely composed this work in Paris between 1186 and 1187. It bears resemblance to the Anglo-Norman Summa `Omni qui iuste iudicat' and the Summa quaestionum of Master Honorius.

4. Summa breuis super decreta EDITION: None; excerpts printed in S. Kuttner and E. Rathbone, `Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Appendix E 353-55.

MANUSCRIPTS: Dublin, Trinity College 275, pp. 169-83; London, Brit. Libr. Royal 11.A.II, fol. 195-203v; Olomouc (Olmütz) State Archives C.O. 209, fol. 267r-268v, 270r-271v; Rein (Reun) 86, fol. 1-5v. See Traditio 11 (1955) 445; 13 (1957) 470.

DISCUSSION: Written most likely at Bologna between 1196-1198.

5. Distinctiones decretorum EDITION: G. Silano, `The "Distinctiones Decretorum" of Ricardus Anglicus' (Ph.D. dissertation: Toronto 1982). MANUSCRIPTS: A. Without Prologue: Douai 649 (582), fol. 7-25vb; London, B.L. 10.C.iii.; Oxford Bodl. Selden supr. 97 (Sum. catal. 3475), fol. 159-181v; Trier, Stadtbibl. 922, fol. 91r-115v. B. With prologue: Breslau, Univ. II.F.44, fol. 135-81r; Douai 644 (580), fol. 17ff; London, Brit. Libr. Royal 10.C.3, fol. 4-48v; Lucca Bibl. Governativa 2698, fol. 165v-199v (formerly 163v-191v); Oppava (Troppau) Silesian Library of Studies R.C.30, fol. 134r-178v; Paris, B.N. lat. 3922B; Paris, B.N. lat. 4276, fol. 1r-52v; Paris Ste.-Geneviève 342; Prague, National Museum XVII.A.XV (I.B.4 Catal. 3789), fol. 176-189v; Prague, Metrop. Chapter I.X.IX (on Causa I); Toledo, Catedral 24-9, fol. 255ra-275r; Trier, Stadtbibl. 978, fol. 167-193r (incomplete: ends at C.27 q.2); Vatican City, Vat. lat. 2691, fol. 1-20r; Vienna lat. 2194, fol. 96-137v; Warsaw, National Library BOZ 63, fol. 240r-308v; Zwettl. 162, fol. 105-122v. See Traditio 11 (1955) 444; 12 (1956) 564; 13 (1957) 469; 15 (1959) 499 no.4; 21 (1965) 512-13; BMCL 4 (1974) 14. DISCUSSION: At least the version with the Prologue was produced at Bologna between 1196-1198. The version without the prologue may be a first recension which could date back to Ricardus's pre-Bolognese career.

6. Argumenta or Notabilia decretorum MANUSCRIPTS: Zwettl 162, fol. 70r-72v. See DDC 7 (1965) 679. DISCUSSION: This work has not been found in a complete form and has not been studied. Stephan Kuttner found what may be a fragment of the work in the Zwettl manuscript, but there is some reason to doubt the ascription. See S. Kuttner, Gratian and the Schools of law 1140-1234 (London 1983) `Retractiones', VIII 337, p.36.

7. Casus decretalium MANUSCRIPTS: Munich, Clm 16083, fol. 36-52v; Venice, S. Marco VIII 22, fol. 90-105; Würzburg, Universitätsbibl. Mp. th. 122, fol. 1-16v (lacks prologue). See S. Kuttner, Repertorium 398.

8. Generalia (Brocarda) MANUSCRIPTS: A. standard form: Avranches 149, 139-147v; Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 45, fol. 40r-v, 1-7r (incomplete); Bruges, Bibl. de la Ville 366, fol. 27va-50va (different recension?; cf. BMCL 4 [1974] 11, 14); Cambridge, Pembroke 72, fol. 178v-179v (incomplete); Vatican City, Chis. E.VII.218, fol. 74-80r; Zwettl 162, fol. 73r-82r B. short form (lemmata and one reference each): Munich, Clm 8302, fol. 1r-2v, Or-v, 3r; Nürnberg, Stadtbibl. Cent. V.95, fol. 1-6v. See Traditio 11 (1955) 444; 13 (1957) 470; 16 (1960) 562-63; BMCL 4 (1974) 11.

LITERATURE: F. Gillmann, `Ricardus Anglikus als Glossator der Compilatio I<sup>a</sup>', AKKR 107 (1927) 575-655. S. Kuttner, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 277-340 [Retractiones to this article in S. Kuttner, Gratian and the Schools of Law 1140-1234 (London: Variorum 1983) Retractiones 17]; idem, `Ricardus Anglicus (Richard de Mores ou de Morins)', DDC 7 (1965) 676-81; idem, and E. Rathbone, `Anglo-Norman canonists of the Twelfth Century: An Introductory Study', Traditio 7 (1949-51) 279-358 [also Retractationes to this article in S. Kuttner, Gratian and the Schools of Law 1140-1234 (London 1983), Retractationes, 36]. C. Lefebvre, `Recherches sur les manuscrits des glossateurs de la Compilatio I: l'oeuvre de Richardus Anglicus', Bibliothèque de la RHE 33 (Louvain 1959) 137-48; C. Lefebvre, `Les gloses à la "Compilatio prima" et les problèmes qu'elles soulèvent', Proceedings Boston (MIC C-1; Vatican City 1965) 63-70. C. Lewis, `Ricardus Anglicus: a "Familiaris" of Archbishop Hubert Walter', Traditio 22 (1966) 469-71; F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 220-30. E. M. Meijers, `Ricardus Anglicus et R. de Lacy', TRG 20 (1952) 89-90. J. Sayers, Papal judges-delegate in the province of Canterbury 1198-1254: A Study in Ecclesiastical jurisdiction and administration (Oxford Historical Monographs; Oxford 1971). R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I(Munich 1963) 268-80; idem, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 212-14, 403-07, and passim.

Robert de Sorbon, chancellor of the University of Paris in 1258, was author of a treatise on confession, as well as of a practical guide for confessors.

TEXTS:1. Manuale EDITION: Published as part of the Tractatus novus de poenitentia in Opera(Orleans - Paris 1674) 2.233-38a, of Guillaume d'Auvergne; and again in Maxima bibliotheca patrum 25.352-58. MANUSCRIPTS: Bruges, Grande Sém. 7/231; Chartres, Bibl. Munic. 377; Paris, B.N. lat. 15988.

2. De confessione, MANUSCRIPTS: Bruxelles, Bibl. Roy. 2897; Cambrai, Bibl. Munic. 931; Paris, Ste. Geneviève 1443; Paris, B.N. lat. 12312, lat. 15034, lat. 15952.

LITERATURE: P. Michaud-Quantin, Sommes casuistique et manuels de confession au moyen âge(Louvain - Lille - Montreal 1962) 28-30.

Richard Wetheringsett is the author of a penitential Summa, ca. 1230.

TEXT:1. Summa Qui bene presunt MANUSCRIPTS:

LITERATURE: L. Boyle, `Three English pastoral summae and a "Magister Galienus",' SG 11 (1967) 133-44.

Robert Grosseteste (b. 1168/69), professor of theology at Oxford since the early 1220's and later bishop of Lincoln (1235-53), was the author not only of significant theological and philosophical writings, but also contributed to the penitential literature. These works were the outcome in part of his teaching activities, in part of his administrative duties as a bishop.

TEXTS (on penance only): 1. Confessio generalis EDITION: Only a medieval French version of the treatise has survived, cf. H. Urtel, `Eine altfranzösische Beichte', Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie 33 (1909) 571-75.

2. De confessione (Deus est quo nichil melius)

3. De modo confitendi (Ad primum dicat sacerdos)

4. Tractatus de confessione (Notus in Judaea)

LITERATURE: S. Gieben, `Bibliographia universa Roberti Grosseteste ab an. 1473 ad an. 1969', Collectanea Franciscana 39 (1969); S. Thomson, `The writings of Robert Grosseteste, bishop of Lincoln, 1235-53 (Cambridge 1940); S. Marrone, `Grosseteste, Robert', DMA 6 (1985) 1-2.

Robert of Flamesbury (Robertus Flamesburiensis), a canon of Saint Victor in Paris and died ca. 1224. In his function as penitentiary of the Bishop of Paris, he authored an important confessional handbook, Poenitentiale, which makes constant reference to canonistic matters. Robert's acquaintance with legal doctrine, however, seems to have derived from the commentaries he consulted, above all from Huguccio. The work was finished sometime between 1207-1213.

TEXTS: Poenitentiale EDITION: J. J. Firth, Liber Poenitentialis: A critical edition with introduction and notes (Toronto 1971).

LITERATURE: F. Firth, `The "Poenitentiale" of Robert of Flamborough', Traditio 16 (1960) 541-56; idem, `More about Roberts of Flamsborough's pentiential;, Traditio 17 (1961) 531-32; S. Kuttner, `Pierre de Roissy and Robert of Flamborough', Traditio 2 (1944) 492-99; P. Michaud-Quantin, Sommes de casuistique et manuels de confession au moyen âge (Louvain - Lille - Montreal 1962) 21-24.

Rodericus Palentinus (Rodrigo de Palencia), bishop of Palencia (1247-54), had previously studied law at Bologna and become a chaplan at the papal curia (1247). As a magister, Rodericus wrote a treatise de positionum (before 1245), which is very similar to the somewhat later, homonymous work of Martinus de Fano (ed. U. Nicolini, Orbis Romanus 5 [Milan 1935]).

TEXT: 1. Tractatus positionum MANUSCRIPTS: Cordoba, Cat. 150, fol. 6vb-8vb; Gdansk, MS Mar. F.77, fol. 223r; Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 943, fol. 61v-62r; Rome, Bibl. Casanat. 1094, fol. 181va-82ra.

LITERATURE: A. García y García, `La canonística ibérica medieval posterior al Decreto de Graciano', Repertorio de historia de las ciencias eclesiasticas en España 5 (Salamanca 1976) 386-91.

Rodoicus Modicipassus, a Parisian master, whom Robert of Courcon mentioned once as dead in his theological Summa (1204-1207). Around 1200, he still figures among the canons of the espiscopal chapter at Sens. He does not seem to have been associated with Bologna at any time, although his opinions are cited by several Bolognese masters. Of his writings, a number of canonistic quaestioneshas survived. He was probably author of a commentary on Gratian's De consecratione (part III of the Decretum), which in one copy is ascribed to `R. de parui passu'. It became the standard supplement to the apparatus Ius naturale of Alanus Anglicus.

TEXTS:1. Quaestiones Barcinonenses IV EDITION: J. A. Brundage, Studies in medieval culture5 (1975) 87-95, MANUSCRIPT: Barcelona, AHA S. Cugat 55, fol. 58ra-b. Other quaestiones of Rodoicus are to be found in the quaestiones Barcinonenses I, Pragenses I , and Bambergenses I.

2. Commentary on De consecratione (see Alanus Anglicus, Expleto tractatu de matrimonio)

LITERATURE: J. A. Brundage, `The quaestiones of Robertus Modicipassus in a Barcelona manuscript', Studies in medieval culture 5 (1975) 87-95; G. Fransen, `Un commentaire au "De consecratione",' Traditio 13 (1957) 508-9; F. Gillmann, `Richardus Anglikus als Glossator', AKKR 107 (1927) 588-90; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 20, 45; idem, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 281-82; idem, DDC 7 (1965) 701-2; idem, `Retractationes VII', Gratian and the Schools (London 1983) 11, 13;

Roffredus Beneventanus, a civilian, studied and taught law at Bologna and Arezzo (1215), then at the newly established University at Naples (since 1224). When Benevent, his hometown, came again under papal influence (1229), he went to Rome and worked at the papal curia. The outcome was a treatise on the procedural practises of the curia (1235/36), in which he tried to outline the canonical rules for his fellow civilians. Roffredus died in Rome soon after 1243.

TEXTS:1. Libelli de iure canonico EDITION: Avignon 1500 (= Torino 1968).

LITERATURE: I. Baumgärtner, `Was muss ein Legist vom Kirchenrecht wissen? Roffredus Beneventanus und seine "Libelli de iure canonico",' Proceedings Cambridge (MIC C-8; Vatican City 1988) 223-45; M. Bellomo, `Intorno a Roffredo Beneventano: professore a Roma?', Scuole diritto e società nel mezzogiorno medievale d'Italia 1 (Catania 1986) 137-81.

Rolandus, a canonist who taught at Bologna in the 1150's and 1160's. For a long time, modern scholars have identified him with Rolandus Bandinelli, later Pope Alexander III (1159-81). In truth, both personalities have to be distinguished, since Rolandus continued teaching well into Alexander's pontificate. He composed several versions of a Summa on Gratian's Decretum, called Stroma, and a large number of single glosses. His teachings were further reflected in sets of quaestiones to be associated with his school (see Quaestiones in schola Rolandi disputatae). There also survives from his pen a theological collection of sententie.

TEXTS:1. Stroma EDITION: F. Thaner, Die Summa magistri Rolandi, nachmals Papstes Alexander III (Innsbruck 1874). On the basis of MS Berlin, Savigny 14, and the two Stuttgart manuscripts. R. Weigand, AKKR 149 (1980) 14-22, has noted important variants in the other copies and distinguished five different recensions of the work. MANUSCRIPTS: first recension: Bologna, Archginnasio A 48, fol. 32-60 (contains C.27-C.36). second recension: Berlin, Staatsbibl. lat. , fol. 462, fol. 131-46, 87v-88v, 147r-v (contains C.27-C.36); Grenoble, Bibl. Munic. 627, fol. 131-45 (contains C.27-C.36). third recension: Stuttgart, Landesbibl. Jur. 63, fol. 1-34; Worcester, Cath. Q.70, fol. 41-96v (contains C.27-C.36; C.1-C.19 q.1). fourth recension: Berlin, Deutsche Staatsbibl. Savigny 14, fol. 1-88, 97-104, 89-93; London, Brit. Libr. Royal 11 B II, fol. 57-85v, 85v-91v (contains C.27-C.36). fifth recension: Stuttgart, Landesbibl. Jur. 62, fol. 1-58 (without part I). to be analysed: Cambridge, Univ. Libr. Addit. 3321.2, fol. 14-26 (fragment covering C.1 - C.4 q.3: C.13 q.1 - C.23); Liège, Grand Séminaire 6.N.15, fol. 147-78; Zurich, Stadtbibl. C.97, fol. 47v-64v (contains C.27-C.36).

2. Glosses on the Decretum EDITION: R. Weigand, AKKR 149 (1980) 25-32; and again in Miscellanea (1986), has printed many of Roland's glosses from the manuscripts indicated below. Since one of the sigla referring to Rolandus, `R.', coincides with that of his contemporary Rufinus, identification often proves difficult. MANUSCRIPTS: Heiligenkreuz, Stiftsbibl. 44; Paris, N.B. lat. 14316; St. Florian, Stiftsbibl. III.5; Vatican, Bibl. Ap. lat. 3529.

3. Sententie EDITION: A. M. Gietl, Die Sentenzen Rolands, nachmals Papstes Alexander III (Freiburg/B. 1891). R. Weigand, AKKR 149 (1980) 20, has dated the work around 1155, between the third and fourth recension of the Stroma.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Manuscrits de Décrétistes dans les Bibliothèques liégeoises', SG 1 (1953) 292-95; idem, `La structure des "Quaestiones disputatae",' Traditio 23 (1967) 519-20; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 127-29; idem, `Retractationes VIII', Gratian and the Schools (London 1983) 33; F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 43-49; J. T. Noonan, `Who was Rolandus?', Law, Church, and Society, ed. K. Pennington - R. Somerville (Philadelphia 1977) 21-48; M. Pacaut, `Roland Bandinelli', DDC 7 (1960) esp. 703-709; J. F. v. Schulte, QL I 114-18; A. M. Stickler, `Iter Helveticum', Traditio 14 (1958) 466-68; R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1963) 106-26; R. Weigand, `Quaestionen aus der Schule des Rolandus und Metellus', AKKR 138 (1969) 82-94; idem, `Magister Rolandus und Papst Alexander III.', AKKR 149 (1980) 3-44; idem, `Glossem des Magister Rolandus zum Dekret Gratians', Miscellanea Rolando Bandinelli Papa Alessandro III, ed. F. Liotta (Siena 1986) 389-423.

Rufinus, fl. 1150-91, taught canon law at Bologna and later became bishop of Assisi. As such, he delivered the opening sermon at the third Lateran Council of 1179. Sometime between 1180 and 1186, he was transferred to the archbishopric of Sorrento. He is the author of an important Summaon Gratian's Decretum. As part of Johannes Faventinus's Summa (1171), the work became the most widely circulating decretist commentary prior to 1215. While scholars long believed that it preceded the pontificate of Alexander III (1159-81), the date of composition recently has been moved to 1164 (A. Gouron). Two of his theological writings also survive, a treatise on peace (ca. 1180-1186) and a collection of sermons.

TEXTS:1. Summa decretorum EDITION: H. Singer, Die Summa decretorum des Magister Rufinus(Paderborn 1902). The older edition by J. F. v. Schulte (Giessen 1892) should not be used, because it does not reproduce the text of Rufinus. MANUSCRIPTS: Alencon, Bibl. Munic. 133; Avignon, Bibl. Munic. 661, fol. 3-84; Berlin, Staatsbibl. Phill. 2010, fol. 57-212v (without part III); Bernkastel-Kues, Sankt-Nikolaus-Hospital, Cusanus-Stiftsbibl. 269 (fly-leaves); Bruges, Bibl. Munic. 351; Cambridge, Caius College 201, fol. 187-202v (D.1-D.36 c.2), fol. 203-242, 244-57 (C.1-C.32 q.1 c.11); Hereford, Cathed. Libr. O.VI.14, fol. -61 (ends at C.16); Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. Rep. I.4.47, fol. 41r-56v (contains D.1-D.23 a.c.21); London, Brit. Libr. Royal 10 B.XVII; London, Brit. Libr. Add. 18460; Lucerne, Zentralbibl. P.MS 21; Monza, Cathedral Chapter I.18/156; Monza, Cathedral Chapter I.19/161, fol. 31-110 (fragmentary); Moulins, Bibl. Munic. 22; Oxford, St. John's Coll. 235 (fly-leaves); Paris, B.N. lat. 4378 (omits C.15-C.36); Paris, B.N. lat. 15993; Reims, Bibl. Munic. 683; Troyes, Bibl. Municip. 695, fol. 25-125 (ends at C.21 q.1 c.2); Vatican, Bibl. Ap. lat. 2585; Vatican, Bibl. Ap. lat. 2586 (ends at C.16 q.3); Vatican, Bibl. Ap. Barb. lat. 1413, fol. 1-106vb (ends at C.35 q.2/3).

2. Glosses on the Decretum EDITION: Rufinus' glosses, predating his Summa, are scattered widely in the manuscripts (cf. S. Kuttner, Repertorium 12). Glosses have been discussed and printed particularly by J. Juncker, ZRG Kan. Abt. 14 (1925) 428-60; R. Weigand (1986) 402-404; and B. Kann (1989) 121-42 (on C.27-30).

3. De bono pacis EDITION: A. Brunacci - G. Catanzaro, Magistri Rufini episcopi De bono pacis (Assisi 1986); PL 150:1591-1638 (earlier recension).

4. Sermones EDITION: The opening sermon of Lateran III has been printed by G. Morin (1928) 116-120. MANUSCRIPT: Milan, Bibl. Ambrosiana C.30 (fragmentary).

LITERATURE: R. Benson, `Rufin', Dictionnaire de droit canonique 7 1961) 779-84; A. Gouron, `Sur les sources civilistes et la datation des Sommes de Rufin e d'Étienne de Tournai', BMCL 16 (1986) 55-70; J. Juncker, `Summen und Glossen', ZRG Kan. Abt. 14 (1925) 427-62; B. Kann, `Die Rufinglossen zu den Causae 27-30 des Decretum Gratiani', ed. N. Höhl, Ius et historia. Festgabe für Rudolf Weigand zu seinem 60. Geburtstag (Würzburg 1988) 121-42; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 131-32; idem, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 280; idem, `Retractationes VII', Gratian and the Schools (London 1983) 9; F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 58-64; G. Morin, `Le discours d'ouverture du Concile général du Lateran (1179) et l'oeuvre littéraire de maître Rufin, évêque d'Assisi', Atti della Pontificia accademia Romana di archeologia, 3rd ser. Memorie 2 (1928) 113-33. R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I(Munich 1963) 127-34; idem, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 144-48 and passim; idem, `Glossen des Magister Rolandus zum Dekret Gratians', Miscellanea Bandinelli, ed. F. Liotta (Siena 1986) 402-404.