Gratian, Decretum Troyes, Bibliothèque municipale 103 fol. 1r

Canonista sine legibus nihil Gratian put four texts taken from Roman law in all the recensions of his Decretum and inserted over 100 Roman law texts into his final, Vulgate Decretum from all parts of Justinian's codification and from his post codification legislation, Novellae.  Most importantly Gratian added 30 of Irnerius' authenticae that up-dated the Codex and Institutes in light of twelfth-century norms. Pennington, “The Big Bang”:  Roman Law in the Early Twelfth Century’, Rivista internazionale di diritto comune 18 (2007) 43-70 at 53-68 Pennington, ‘The Beginning of Roman Law Jurisprudence and Teaching in the Twelfth Century:  The Authenticae,” Rivista internazionale di diritto comune 22 (2011) 35-53