Vercellensi episcopo, abbati de Tileto et presbitero Alberto Mantuano
Qualiter et
quando debeat prelatus
procedere ad inquirendum et puniendum subditorum excessus, ex
auctoritatibus novi et veteris
testamenti colligitur evidenter, ex quibus super hoc postea
processerunt canonice sanctiones. Legitur enim in Evangelio, quod
villicus ille, qui diffamatus erat apud dominum suum, quasi
dissipasset bona ipsius, audivit ab illo : "quid hec audio de te?
redde rationem villicationis tue : iam enim non poteris villicare."
Et in Genesi Dominus ait: "descendam et videbo, utrum clamorem, qui
venit ad me, opere compleverint."
Ex quibus auctoritatibus manifeste
probatur, quod non solum, cum subditus, verum etiam, cum prelatus
excedit, si per clamorem et famam excessus
eius ad aures superioris pervenerit, non quidem a malevolis
et maledicis, sed a providis et honestis, nec semel tantum, sed
sepe, quod clamor innuit et diffamatio manifestat, debet coram
ecclesie senioribus veritatem diligentius perscrutari, ut si rei
poposcerit qualitas, canonica districtio culpam ferat delinquentis,
non tamen
sit idem actor et iudex, sed, quasi deferen te fama vel
denunciante clamore, officii sui debitum exsequatur.
Licet autem hoc sit diligenter
observandum in subditis, diligentius tamen est observandum in
prelatis, qui quasi signum sunt positi ad sagittam. Et quia non
possunt omnibus complacere, cum ex officio teneantur non solum
arguere, sed etiam increpare, quin
etiam interdum suspendere, nonnunquam vero ligare: frequenter odium
multorum incurrunt et insidias patiuntur. Et ideo sancti Patres
provide statuerunt, ut accusatio prelatorum non facile admittatur,
ne concussis columnis corruat edificium, nisi diligens adhibeatur
cautela, per quam non solum false, sed etiam maligne criminationis
ianua precludatur. Verum ita voluerunt providere prelatis, ne
criminarentur iniuste, ut tamen caverent, ne delinquerent
insolenter, contra utrumque morbum iuvenientes congruam medicinam,
ut videlicet accusatio criminalis, que ad diminutionem capitis, id
est ad degradationem, intenditur, nisi legitima precedat inquisitio,
nullatenus admittatur. Sed cum super excessibus suis quisquam fuerit
infamatus, ut in tantum iam clamor adscenderit, quod diutius sine
scandalo dissimulari non possit, nec sine periculo tolerari: absque
dubitationis scrupulo ad inquirendum et puniendum eius excessus non
ex odii fomite, sed ex caritatis procedatur affectu, quatenus, si
gravis fuerit excessus, et si non degradetur ab ordine, ab
administratione tamen amoveatur omnino, quod est secundum
sententiam evangelicam (veritatem
evangelicam ?) a villicatione villicum amoveri, qui non potest villicationis sue
dignam reddere rationem.
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"How and in what
way a prelate ought to proceed to investigate and punish the
offences of his subjects may be clearly ascertained from the
authorities of the new and old Testament, from which subsequent
sanctions in canon law derive", as we said distinctly some time ago
and now confirm with the approval of this holy council. For we read in the
Gospel that the steward who was denounced to his lord for wasting
his goods heard him say: "What is this that I hear about you?
Give an account of your stewardship, for you can no longer be my
steward."
[Luke 16:1]And in Genesis the Lord says: "I will go down and see
whether they have done the deeds that I have heard from many
sources."
[Genesis 18:21] From these
authorities it is clearly shown that not only when a subject has
committed some excess but also when a prelate has done so, that the
matter reaches the ears of the superior through complaints and the
judgments of many, not from enemies and slanderers, but from prudent
and honest persons, not once only, but often. Because the
complaints suggest and slanders make manifest, the superior ought to
search for the truth before the elders of the church. If the
quality of the evidence would demand it, canonical jurisdiction
should be exercised over the accused, not as if the prelate were the
accuser and the judge but as if the judgments of many denounce the
accused and the complaints making him obligated to exercise his
duties. While this should
be observed in the case of subjects all the more carefully should it
be observed in the case of prelates who are set as a mark for the
arrow[Lament. 3:12]. Prelates cannot please everyone since
they are bound by their office not only to convince but also to
rebuke and sometimes even to suspend and to bind.
Thus they frequently incur the hatred of many people and risk
ambushes. Therefore the holy fathers have wisely decreed that
accusations against prelates should not be admitted readily without
careful provision being taken to prevent false and malicious
accusations lest the collapse of columns would destroy that building
[Jg 16:30]. They wished to ensure that prelates are not
accused unjustly and yet that at the same time they take care not to
sin in an arrogant manner, finding a suitable medicine for each
disease: namely a criminal accusation that entails loss of
status, that is to say degradation, shall in no wise be allowed
unless it is preceded by an admonition. However when
someone's offenses are so notorious that a complaint can
longer be ignored without scandal or tolerated without danger, then
without the slightest hesitation, let action be taken in inquire
into and punish his offenses, not out of hate but rather out of
charity. If the offense is grave, even though not involving
his degradation, let him be removed from all administration in
accordance with the saying of the gospel that the steward is to be
removed from his stewardship if he cannot give a proper account of
it [Luke 16:1]. Debet
igitur esse presens is contra quem facienda est inquisitio . .
. January
29, 1206 = 3 Comp. 5.1.4 = 67% of IV Lateran c.8's text
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