Ecce homo, attributed to Caravaggio. 1605, Galleria Civica di Palazzo Rosso, Genoa

The operation of the inquisitorial procedure can be seen from the abundant court records in the Italian city states. In December 1299 Vecto, the criminal judge of the Podestà of Bologna, began an investigation of Mengho, son of Ugolino, who had been accused of robbing the store of a silk merchant.

Albertus Gandinus und das Strafrecht der Scholastik, ed. Hermann U. Kantorowicz (2 volumes; Berlin, J. Guttentag, 1907-1926) no. 21.  Read Ken Pennington, Criminal Procedure in the Ius commune