Statue of Immanuel Kant in Königsberg |
Immanuel
Kant († 1804) Gesammelte Schriften
(Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1979) vol. 27.2, p.1374
The jurists believe that a person in a
state of nature must control himself to conform to that which is proper for
a defense, that is
moderamen inculpatae
tutelae. That means simply that without
necessity I should not use the most extreme violence when a lesser degree of
force can be employed. That is correct according to laws of ethics.
According to strict right and justice, I can never be limited when someone
threatens to kill me. According to natural law, I am not bound to use lesser
force, and, therefore, moderamen inculpatae
tutelae does not apply. But in civil
society the principle is valid since the state can require that I have a
duty to not injure other persons.
If,
however, my life is possibly but not certainly in danger the state cannot
promulgate a law that requires that I exercise
a
limited defense since the most severe punishments the state can render
are not greater than the evil that I face.
The
law, therefore, cannot restrict my defense. Such a law would be absurd.
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