Si iudex litem suam facit "If a judge has made himself liable for malfesance and prosecution" Sandro Botticelli, La calunnia (Slander), ca. 1497, Tempera, Florence, Uffizi

Institutes 4.5 Peter Birks and Grant McLeod: "a judge makes the case is own" Justinian’s Institutes, trans. Peter Birks and Grant McLeod. (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1987) Dig. 5.1.15 and Dig. 5.1.16 Tom Kinsey: "A judge is thought to make himself liable to damages" (correct in the first instance and wrong in the second) Dig. 44.7.5.4 Ben Beinart: "If a judge has made a cause is own" Dig. 50.13 Michael Crawford: "If a judge is said to have neglected his duty" Dig. 50.13.6 Michael Crawford: "If a judge has heard his own case" The Digest of Justinian, Latin text edited by Theodor Mommsen and Paul Krueger; English translation edited by Alan Watson et multi alii, (4 Volumes; Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985).