London, British Library Royal 10.E.iv, fol. 75v (Bottom)
 Commentary on Decretals of Gregory IX, Italian ca. 1300

Moderamen Inculpatae Tutelae

1. Equality of Weapons

2. Equality of Persons

3. Measured Proportional Response

4. Duty to Retreat (but not from Home)

5. Killing must be a Last Resort

6. Immediate, Instantaneous Response - No Delay (Intervallum)

7. Never Attack a Retreating Attacker

 

 Ken Pennington, “Moderamen inculpatae tutelae: The Jurisprudence of a Justifiable Defense,” Rivista internazionale di diritto comune 24  (2013) 27-55