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Timpanum, Bamberg Cathedral (ca. 1230)

Bernardus Parmensis (1250), Decretals of Gregory IX, 2.27.19, in similibus casibus: Et sic patet quod diffinitiva sententia principis trahenda est ad consequentiam, ex quo alii similiter iudicare debent, sed interlocutoria non, Cod. de leg. l.iii. circa finem et l. Si imperalis. (And it is clear one must conclude that a definitive decision of the prince <is law> since others must render their decisions in accordance with it but they must not follow interlocutory decisions)

Panormitanus (1430), Decretals of Gregory IX, 2.27.19, in casibus: Papa in sententiis quas profert ordinem iuris servat. Vel summa sic. Inferiores tenentur iudicare secundum quod papa inter certas personas iudicavit si rite et recte sententiam tulit. (The pope must follow due process in his decisions; The reason is this: Lower judges are held to render their decisions according to what the pope has decided between litigants if he has rendered his decision justly and rightly.)