Hierarchy of Laws

1. Divine Law

2. Natural Law - Ius gentium

3. Positive Law (Ius positivum)

and Custom

Köln, Erzbischöfliche Diözesan- und Dombibliothek 127, fol. 9r

Liber Sextus of Pope Boniface VIII  5.12.29

"Quod omnes tangit debet  ab omnibus approbari"

Justinian's Codex 5.59.5.2

"Necesse est omnes suam auctoritatem praestare, ut, quod omnes similiter tangit, ab omnibus comprobetur"

Legislation

Rules governing universitates (Corporations)

Ken Pennington, Representation in Medieval Canon Law