TRS 220:  Politics of the Eleventh, Twelfth, and Thirteenth Centuries

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Additional Information for Topic 6

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The Norman Conquest of England

Scandinavian Empire ca. 1000

Viking Expansion and Norman Achievements

 

Edward the Confessor, king of England

Harold, earl of Wessex, king of England

William I, duke of Normandy (the Conqueror), king of England 1066-1087

"In speech he was fluent and persuasive, being skilled at all time in making clear his will. If his voice was harsh, what he said was always suited to the occasion. He followed the Christian discipline in which he had been brought up from childhood, and whenever his health permitted he regularly, and with great piety, attended Christian worship each morning and evening and at the celebration of mass."

Harald, king of Norway

Battle of Stamford Bridge: September 25, 1066

Battle of Hastings: October 14, 1066

Bayeaux Tapestry


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King Edward and Harold Harold Swears Oath
Harold the King Building the Fleet
The Normans at Sea Norman Fast Food
William and Odo Civilian Casualties
Battle of Hastings Death of Harold

(Map of William's New Norman French Kingdom)

The Norman Conquest of Sicily 

Henry I, duke of Normandy, king of England 1100-1135

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Henry II, duke of Normandy, duke of Aquitaine, king of England 1154-1189

Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury,
    Died December 29, 1170

Loyalty to a Man or to an Institution?

Official Thomas Becket Web Site

 eleanor.jpg (8470 bytes)Philip I 1060-1108

The Norman-French Empire 1100-1216

Louis VI the Fat, king of France 1108-1137

Eleanor of Aquitaine (ca. 1122-1204)
 
Louis VII, king of France 1137-1180

Second Crusade

 

John, king of England 1199-1216

Magna Carta 1215
 
c. 39 "No free man shall be arrested, or imprisoned, or deprived of his property, or outlawed, or exiled, or in any way destroyed nor shall we go against him or send against him unless by legal judgment of his peers or by the law of the land."

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Philip II Augustus, king of France 1180-1223

Map of Capetian France

Louis IX, king of France 1226-1270

The Successors of Charlemagne:  The Germanic Emperors

1. The Imperial Ideal:  One Christendom

2. The Empire Looks South (10th-13th Centuries)

3. The Italian City States

4. The Papacy

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Frederick I (Barbarossa), Emperor 1152-1190 Frederick II's Castle in Catania, Castello Ursino
 

Frederick II, Emperor 1215-1250

Interregnum, 1250-1273

The Northern Empire

The Southern Empire

Map of Europe 1270

 

Politics of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries:  Main Points

1. The Idea of the "State" was not yet Developed

2. "Feudal Monarchies and Principalities" were Held Together by Loyalties to Rulers, not by Loyalty to a Territory or People or Culture

3. "Feudal Monarchies and Principalities" were Diverse in their Culture, Peoples, and Languages.  Only in the Modern World did the Fiction Evolve that Nation States were Composed of Homogeneous Peoples and Cultures

4. The Territorial Divisions of Europe were Far from Fixed and Predictable